1. PowerPoint Lecture Outlines to accompany
Hole’s Human
Anatomy and Physiology
Eleventh Edition
Shier w Butler w Lewis
Chapter 15
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

2. Chapter 15 Cardiovascular System

3. Size of Heart
Average Size of Heart
14 cm long
9 cm wide

4. Location of Heart posterior to sternum medial to lungs
anterior to vertebral column
base lies beneath 2nd rib
apex at 5th intercostal space
lies upon diaphragm

5. Blood Vessels arteries carry blood away from ventricles of heart
arterioles
receive blood from arteries
carry blood to capillaries
capillaries
sites of exchange of substances between blood and body cells
venules
receive blood from capillaries
veins
carry blood toward ventricle of heart

6. Coverings of Heart

7. Know the layer and the function for test.
Wall of the Heart
Know the layer and the function for test.

8. Wall of the Heart

9. Heart Chambers Right Atrium receives blood from Left Atrium
inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
coronary sinus
Left Atrium
receives blood from pulmonary veins
Right Ventricle
receives blood from right atrium
Left Ventricle
receives blood from left atrium

10. Know the valve and the function for the test.
Heart Valves
Know the valve and the function for the test.

11. For test, be able to label the part of the heart and show the flow of blood. Distinguish between oxygenated and deoxygenated.

12. Aorta
Superior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Veins
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
Left Atrium
Mitral Valve
Aortic Valve
Left Ventricle

13. Sheep Heart Dissection

14. Coronal Sections of Heart

15. Heart Valves
Tricuspid Valve
Pulmonary and Aortic Valve

16. Skeleton of Heart
fibrous rings to which the heart valves are attached

17. Path of Blood Through the Heart

18. Path of Blood Through the Heart
For test, know
order of blood
flow through
the heart.

19. Blood Supply to Heart

20. Angiogram of Coronary Arteries

21. Heart Actions Atrial Diastole/Ventricular Systole
Atrial Systole/Ventricular Diastole
Atrial Diastole/Ventricular Systole

22. Cardiac Cycle Atrial Systole/Ventricular Diastole
blood flows passively into ventricles
remaining 30% of blood pushed into ventricles
A-V valves open/semilunar valves close
ventricles relaxed
ventricular pressure increases

23. Cardiac Cycle Ventricular Systole/Atrial diastole
A-V valves close
chordae tendinae prevent cusps of valves from bulging too far into atria
atria relaxed
blood flows into atria
ventricular pressure increases and opens semilunar valves
blood flows into pulmonary trunk and aorta

24. Heart Sounds Lubb first heart sound occurs during ventricular systole
A-V valves closing
Dupp
second heart sound
occurs during ventricular diastole
pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves closing
Murmur – abnormal heart sound

25. Heart Sounds

26. Cardiac Conduction System

27. Cardiac Conduction System

28. Muscle Fibers in Ventricular Walls

29. Electrocardiogram
recording of electrical changes that occur in the myocardium
used to assess heart’s ability to conduct impulses
P wave – atrial depolarization
QRS wave – ventricular depolarization
T wave – ventricular repolarization

30. Electrocardiogram

31. Electrocardiogram
A prolonged QRS complex may result from damage to the A-V bundle fibers

32. Clinical Application Arrhythmias Ventricular fibrillation Tachycardia
rapid, uncoordinated depolarization of ventricles
Tachycardia
rapid heartbeat
Atrial flutter
rapid rate of atrial depolarization

33. Cardiac Cycle

34. Regulation of Cardiac Cycle
Autonomic nerve impulses alter the activities of the S-A and A-V nodes
Pacemakers

35. Regulation of Cardiac Cycle
Additional Factors that Influence HR
physical exercise
body temperature
concentration of various ions
potassium
calcium
parasympathetic impulses decrease heart action
sympathetic impulses increase heart action
cardiac center regulates autonomic impulses to the heart

36. Capillary Network

37. Arterial Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure – force the blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels
Arterial Blood Pressure
rises when ventricles contract
falls when ventricles relax
systolic pressure – maximum pressure
diastolic pressure – minimum pressure

38. Pulse
alternate expanding and recoiling of the arterial wall that can be felt

39. Major Vessels of the Venous System

40. Life-Span Changes cholesterol deposition in blood vessels
heart enlargement
death of cardiac muscle cells
increase in fibrous connective tissue of the heart
increase in adipose tissue of the heart
increase in blood pressure
decrease in resting heart rate

41. Open Heart Surgert
Angioplasty and Stent Surgery