1. Topic 6 Organic Chemistry 1
AS Chemistry
Topic 6
Organic Chemistry 1

2. Unit 2, Module 1 Basic Concepts and Hydrocarbons 2:1:1 Introduction
AS Chemistry
Unit 2, Module 1
Basic Concepts and Hydrocarbons
2:1:1 Introduction

3. Introduction to organic chemistry
Objective: to know different ways of representing organic compounds
Outcomes:
know that a hydrocarbon is a compound of hydrogen and carbon only
be able to represent organic molecules using empirical formulae, molecular formulae, general formulae, structural formulae, displayed formulae and skeletal formulae
know what is meant by the terms ‘homologous series’
be able to name compounds relevant to this specification using the rules of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature
You will be expected to know prefixes for compounds up to C10

4. Organic Compounds
This is the chemistry of c________ compounds, always bonded to h_________ and often also to other elements such as o_________ and n___________.
90% of all known compounds are carbon-based!

5. Vocabulary Nomenclature
This is the international system that we use to name organic compounds.
Functional group
A group on an organic molecule that is not simply a C or an H atom, e.g. OH for…?

6. Vocabulary Homologous series
A “family” of compounds that share properties and also have a common general formula.
E.g. the alkanes, the alkenes.

7. Aliphatic and alicyclic alkanes
Week 13
Aliphatic and alicyclic alkanes
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8. Types of Organic Formulae
You need to know the meaning of all of the following by the end of the lesson:
Molecular formula (and empirical formula)
General formula
Structural formula
Displayed formula (Also called Full Structural formula)
Skeletal formula
Three-dimensional formula

9. Carbon is bonded to four hydrogen atoms in methane
Week 13
Carbon is bonded to four hydrogen atoms in methane
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10. Week 13
The double bond between the two carbon atoms in ethene counts as two bonds
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11. Molecular Formula
The number of atoms of each element present in a molecule.
E.g. Hexane is C6H14
Empirical formula is the smallest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.
E.g. Hexane is C3H7

12. General Formula
A general formula is used to represent any member of a homologous series,
For example: CnH2n+2 for an alkane.
Alkene?
CnH2n

13. Structural Formula
A structural formula is accepted as the minimal detail, using conventional groups, for an unambiguous structure,
It shows how the atoms are joined together
for example: CH3CH2CH2CH3 for butane, rather than C4H10 (the molecular formula).

14. Introduction to organic chemistry
Objective: to know different ways of representing organic compounds
Outcomes:
know that a hydrocarbon is a compound of hydrogen and carbon only
be able to represent organic molecules using empirical formulae, molecular formulae, general formulae, structural formulae, displayed formulae and skeletal formulae
know what is meant by the terms ‘homologous series’
be able to name compounds relevant to this specification using the rules of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature
You will be expected to know prefixes for compounds up to C10

15. Displayed Formula
A displayed formula should show both the relative placing of atoms and the number of bonds between them.
E.g. hexene: C H

16. Week 13
Displayed and structural formulae for (a) propane and (b) 1-bromopropane
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17. Displayed and structural formulae for decanoic acid
Week 13
Displayed and structural formulae for decanoic acid
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18. Skeletal Formula
A skeletal formula is used to show a simplified organic formula by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.
The skeletal formula for octane is shown below:

19. Can you draw the Displayed and skeletal formulae of hexane?
Week 13
Can you draw the Displayed and skeletal formulae of hexane?
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20. Draw the displayed, structural and skeletal formulae for
Week 13
Draw the displayed, structural and skeletal formulae for
(a) pentane and (b) 3-methylpentane
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21. Displayed and skeletal formulae for
Week 13
Displayed and skeletal formulae for
(a) cyclopentane and (b) cyclohexane
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22. Aromatic hydrocarbons
Week 13
Aromatic hydrocarbons
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23. Practice
State the empirical formula for hexane, C6H14
Draw its skeletal formula.

24. Practice
For the following molecular formula:
Write the empirical and structural formula
Draw the displayed and skeletal formula.

25. Introduction to organic chemistry
Objective: to know different ways of representing organic compounds
Outcomes:
know that a hydrocarbon is a compound of hydrogen and carbon only
be able to represent organic molecules using empirical formulae, molecular formulae, general formulae, structural formulae, displayed formulae and skeletal formulae
know what is meant by the terms ‘homologous series’
be able to name compounds relevant to this specification using the rules of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature
You will be expected to know prefixes for compounds up to C10