1. Spain’s Empire in the Americas
Chapter 2
Section 1
Spain’s Empire in the Americas 1

2. Who were the Conquistadores?
Spanish explorers who sailed to the Americas after Columbus’ voyages were known as conquistadores or conquerors searching for gold
Hornando Cortes landed in Mexico in 1519, conquered the Aztecs and took their gold
Aztecs rebelled and regrouped
1521 Spanish defeated the Aztecs and claimed their land (Mexico) for Spain
Spanish marched into Tenochtitlan (Spanish capital) and told Aztec emperor Montezuma he was a God
Spanish conquered Tenochtitlan, burned the capital, laid claims of the new colony, called it New Spain, and renamed the capital Mexico City 3

4. Cont.
Most Spanish who settled in America were men who often married Native American women which created a large population of mestizos
Their decedents live today in Mexico and other Latin America countries and the US
Spanish settled forced Native Americans to work under the encomienda system-system using Native Americans as workers
Treated workers badly, many died from disease
1542 encomienda ended (too brutal) soon Spanish settlers began using African slaves 4

5. Who Settled New Mexico?
Spanish eventually moved north to present day North America, Juan Ponce de Leon- explored present day Florida
Spanish also explored southwestern US
Spain sent catholic priest to settle southwest region, present day New Mexico; to convert Native Americans to Roman Catholic faith 5

6. Native Americans Rebel
Spanish tried to impose Spanish culture on Native Americans. Destroyed Native American objects, they considered sacred, forced them to work for them, physically abused them
Pope was a Pueblo religious leader who led an uprising against the Spanish
1680, Native Americans drove Spaniards back into Mexico, it would be another 14 years before the Spanish reconquered New Mexico 6

7. Section 2
Jamestown 7

8. English settlement at Jamestown
SOL: Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in North America in
John Smith leader of Jamestown, joined the Virginia Company, joint stock company, which allowed investors to pool their wealth to fund a colony
1607 company sent 150 colonists to America to build a settlement along the coast of modern-day Virginia called Jamestown in honor of the King James I
By winter 1607 only 39 colonists remained alive
John Smith took control of colony, forced colonists to grow food, with help from Powhatan-Native Americans who lived in the area that became Jamestown
Colony slowly recovered. 9

9. John Smith
This portrait of Pocahontas and John Smith, from the Disney movie "Pocahontas", is almost completely divorced from reality. When John Smith and Pocahontas had their adventures, she was a child of about twelve. John Smith was a short man with a beard.

11. Cont.
Colonists began growing tobacco, discovered they could make great profit
To lure more settlers to Jamestown, Virginia Company started the head right system in each person who came to the colony received 50 acres of land and another 50 for each family member that came along
Most who came to America, however did not come under the head right system, most came as indentured servants-in exchange for passage to North America and food and shelter, agreed to work for several years to pay debt
1619 first African Americans arrived in North America, first treated as indentured servants (after years of labor, would gain freedom). In decades to come, others would arrive in North America as slaves 10

12. Settlers Clash with Native Americans
Unlike Spanish, English had no desire to live among or marry Native Americans, they struggled to drive Native Americans away.
As Jamestown grew, more and more settlers arrive forcing Native Americans off their lands
1622 Native Americans attacked colonial villages, 340 colonists killed
King took over colony, Virginia Company became a royal colony- colony ruled by king
By ,000 English settlers lived in Virginia 11

13. Economic Differences Split Virginia
Wealthy land owners controlled life in the colony
Indentured servants had no money to buy land, did not own land, could not vote, had no rights, forced to live on western edge of Virginia where they were constantly fighting Native Americans
Nathaniel Bacon-wealthy planter, came to settlers rescue, led rebellion against Governor of Virginia Colony 12

14. Section 3
Puritans 13

15. Why did Puritans come to America?
Puritans were different, they were a religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England, by removing some of its Catholic practices, because of this they were known as Puritans. STRICT beliefs
Puritans believed every worshiper should experience God directly through faith, prayer, and study of the bible, NOT services conducted by a priest
Some Puritans believed in trying to change the Church of England, others chose to leave the church and form their own congregations known as Separatists
One Separatist group known today as Pilgrims, decided to leave England they arrived in North America and founded Plymouth Colony (second permanent English colony in North America) 14

16. Cont. John Winthrop was the settlement’s first governor
1630 another group of Puritans sailed to North America and started a settlement called the Massachusetts Bay Colony
By 1640 more than 20,000 English settlers lived there, this region became known as New England
John Winthrop was the settlement’s first governor
Puritans wanted to create a society that all would look up to:
Male members could vote
Importance on family, church, and authority
STRESSED HARD WORK, both men and women 15

17. Dissent in the Puritan Community
Puritans came to America to practice their religion in freedom, did not tolerate dissent or the expression of other view points
Roger Williams- minister, preached settlers should not take Native American land and government should not punish those with other points of view, this angered Puritan leaders and ordered his arrest
Settled new colony was is now Rhode Island
Anne Hutchison also angered church with her beliefs, argued people should interpret the bible on their own, was banished from colony and also went to Rhode Island 16

18. Native Americans Resist Colonial Expansion
As New England grew, settlers began seizing Native American lands, also forced Native Americans to accept Puritan laws and religion
Native Americans saw Puritans as a threat to their way of life
1637 Pequot tribe went to war with colonists-Pequot War, ended in total defeat for Native Americans, whole civilization wiped out
1675 war broke out again, Chief Metacom-who the English called King Phillip, led alliance against settlers
King Phillip’s War lasted one year-English won 17

19. Settlement of the Middle Colonies
Section 4
Settlement of the Middle Colonies 18

20. The Dutch Found New Netherland
In 1621, the Dutch founded the colony of New Netherland (present day Albany & New York City)
New Netherland was a diverse colony. People from many different European nations lived in the colony. Free & enslaved Africans lived there.
By 1660, one-fifth, or 20%, of the population was of African descent.
The leaders allowed people the freedom to practice their own religion. As a result, people of many different religious faiths settled there.
Dutch had friendly relations with Native Americans. They were more interested in trading with the Native Americans. 20

22. Continued
England seized control of the Dutch colony because it stood in the way of England’s plan to unite Northern and Southern colonies.
England’s Duke of York became the new proprietor, or owner, of New Netherland.
He renamed it New York. He separated the southern part of the colony and named it New Jersey. 21

23. The Quakers Settle Pennsylvania
In order to repay a debt, King Charles II gave Englishman William Penn a piece of land west of New Jersey.
Penn was a member of a religious group called Quakers.
Quakers believed God’s “inner light” burned inside everyone. They were pacifists, persons who oppose war or violence for any reason. Because of their different beliefs, Quakers suffered persecution (harassment) in England.
Penn’s settlement allowed freedom of religion.
The colony was also granted the right to vote to all adult male settlers & sought friendly relations with Native Americans. 22

24. William Penn

25. Continued
In order to encourage people to live in Pennsylvania, Penn advertised his colony in western Europe. This resulted in numerous Germans, Dutch, and French settling there.
George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, founded the colony of Maryland.
James Oglethorpe founded Georgia as a colony for debtors. 23