1. ULTRASONIC DISTANCE METER USING 8051
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2. Contents: ©Copyright 2016 : make it or take it.in Project overview.
Block diagram.
Components used
Microcontroller.
Power supply
Liquid Crystal Display
Potentiometer
Ultrasonic sensor
Software used.
Circuit diagram.
Working.
Applications.
Future scope.
Conclusion.
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3. Project overview:
The project is designed to measure the distance of any object by using an ultrasonic transducer. Ultrasonic means of distance measurement is a convenient method compared to traditional one using measurement scales.
This kind of measurement is particularly applicable to inaccessible areas where traditional means cannot be implemented such as high temperature, pressure zones etc.
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4. Block diagram:
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5. Components used - Power supply:
7805
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6. Microcontroller – 8051: Features of 8051 microcontroller
4 KB on chip program memory.
128 bytes on chip data memory(RAM).
128 user defined software flags.
8-bit data bus.
16-bit address bus.
32 general purpose registers each of 8 bits.
16 bit timers (usually 2, but may have more, or less).
3 internal and 2 external interrupts.
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7. MICROCONTROLLER USED AT89S51
The AT89S51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 4K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash memory.
The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout.
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8. Liquid Crystal Display
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is an electronic display module.
A 16x2 LCD is very commonly used in various devices and circuits.
A 16x2 LCD means it has 16 columns and 2 rows for displaying information.
A command is given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc.
The data sent to the LCD is in parallel combination i.e. by using D0 to D7 pins.
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9. It is used to control the brightness of the LCD by connecting it at V0
Potentiometer
A potentiometer, informally a pot, is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider.
Potentiometers consist of a resistive element, a sliding contact (wiper) that moves along the element, making good electrical contact with one part of it, electrical terminals at each end of the element, a mechanism that moves the wiper from one end to the other, and a housing containing the element and wiper.
The potentiometer available are of multiple ranges, in this project the potentiometer used is an 10KΩ
It is used to control the brightness of the LCD by connecting it at V0
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10. Ultrasonic Sensor ©Copyright 2016 : make it or take it.in
Ultrasonic sensors “are based on the measurement of the properties of acoustic waves with frequencies above the human audible range,” often at roughly 40 kHz 1). They typically operate by generating a high-frequency pulse of sound, and then receiving and evaluating the properties of the echo pulse.
Three different properties of the received echo pulse may be evaluated, for different sensing purposes. They are:
Time of flight (for sensing distance)
Doppler shift (for sensing velocity)
Amplitude attenuation (for sensing distance, directionality, or attenuation coefficient)
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11. We used keil uVision5 IDE software for concern project.
Software used:
Microcontrollers mostly use different software's from compiling code or to creating a ‘hex file’ till making its PCB( Printed Circuit Board ).
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) - contains a text editor for writing code, a graphic window (Serial Monitor), a text console, a toolbar with buttons for compiling the code.
We used keil uVision5 IDE software for concern project.
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12. Working:
This proposed system uses an ultrasonic module interfaced to a microcontroller of 8051 family. An ultrasonic transducer comprising of a transmitter and receiver are used for the project. The transmitted waves are reflected back from the object and received by the transducer again.
The total time taken from sending the waves to receiving it is calculated by taking into consideration the velocity of sound. Then the distance is calculated by a program running on the microcontroller and displayed on an LCD screen interfaced to the microcontroller. The ultrasonic sensor produces 40 kHz sound waves.
Further the project can be enhanced by using high frequency transducers to make is fit for medical applications like ultrasound machine.
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13. Conclusion:
Ultrasonic distance measuring sensors provide information on an absolute position of a target or moving object. For glossy surfaces, transparent objects or in environments with a high degree of dust and humidity, ultrasonic technologies are often the only alternative to mechanical probing.
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14. Thanking You
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