1. RTLS

2. LOCATING / POSITIONING SYSTEMS A positioning system is a mechanism for determining the location of an object in space Interplanetary systems Global systems- Global Positioning System – Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System Regional systems Site-wide systems Workspace systems

3. and tracking the location of objects or people in real time, is what RTLS mean It is usually within a building or other contained area. and in most RTLS, fixed reference points(with receiving sensors) receive signals from transmitter to determine their location. Wireless RTLS tags are attached to objects or worn by people, Examples of real-time locating systems include tracking automobiles through an assembly line, locating pallets of merchandise in a warehouse, or finding medical equipment in a hospital.

4. COMING TO OUR PROJECT It’s a real time positioning of a object or a person where the transmitter is placed The multiple sensors are fixed in certain points at a known distance from each sensor and the transmitter is free in space, movable.. INDOOR REAL TIME POSITIONING SYSTEM

5. Contents The main goal of the project is first finding the distance of the moving transmitter With respect to two fixed points, So, as we know speed=distance/time; Distance = speed * time; And ultrasound technology has more advantage than any other for finding the distance indoor with more precision the ultrasound transmitter and receiver is used

6. HARDWARE BLOCK DIAGRAM Microcontroller Power Supply display RECEIVER receiver TRANSMITTER

7. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

8. AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLER Features 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz Three-level Program Memory Lock 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Source s Watchdog Timer

9. POWER SUPPLY The circuit needs, +5V to work. These voltages are supplied by this specially designed power supply This is a simple approach to obtain 5V DC power supply using a single circuit. The circuit uses IC 7805 for obtaining the required voltages. The AC mains voltage will be stepped down by the transformer T1, rectified by bridge B1 and filtered by capacitor C1 to obtain a steady DC level.The IC regulates this voltage to obtain a steady 5V DC. 1. Step-down Transformer: 2. Rectifier stage: 3. Filter stage: 4. Voltage Regulation: 3. Filter stage:

10. ULTRASOUND SENSOR Fundamental Ultrasonic Properties Ultrasonic sound is a vibration at a frequency above the range of human hearing, usually >20 kHz. The microphones and loudspeakers used to receive and transmit the ultrasonic sound are called transducers. Most ultrasonic sensors use a single transducer to both transmit the sound pulse and receive the reflected echo, typically operating at frequencies between 40 kHz and 250 kHz. A variety of different types of transducers are used in these systems Ultrasonic sensors work on a principle similar to sonar which evaluates distance of a target by interpreting the echoes from ultrasonic sound waves. This ultrasonic module measures the distance accurately which provides 0cm - 400cm with a gross error of 3cm. Its compact size, higher range and easy usability make it a handy sensor for distance measurement and mapping. The module can easily be interfaced to micro controllers where the triggering and measurement can be done using two pin. The sensor transmits an ultrasonic wave and produces an output pulse that corresponds to the time required for the burst to reach the receiving sensor. By measuring the pulse width, the distance to target can easily be calculated.

11. LCD Liquid Crystal Display also called as LCD is very helpful in providing user interface as well as for debugging purpose The most commonly used ALPHANUMERIC displays are 1x16 (Single Line & 16 characters), 2x16 (Double Line & 16 character per line), 4x20(four lines & Twenty characters per line).

12. WORKING

13. ALGORITHM Send a 10 micro second high pulse at trigger Initially P3.5=0; P3.5=1; Delay(10 micro second); P3.5=0; "WAIT" until the sensor transmits the eight 40KHz pulses and signal reflection. initially the "ECHO" pin is low when the transmitter completes the pulse the pin goes high then our TIMER0 starts counting. when input at INT0 goes low timer holds count. logic for waiting: while(INT0==0); while(INT0==1); TIMER0 value = time taken by the signal to (go forward). so time taken by the signal to travel the distance = TIMER0 value ULTRASONIC pulse travels with the speed of sound 340.29 m/s = 34029 cm/s range of target= velocity *time ==>34029 * TIMER0 RANGE of target = TIMER0 centimeters 29

14. APPLICATIONS There are so many applications where these real time locating systems are used some of them are

15. WAREHOUSE to combine identity of multiple items placed in a single location, such as on a pallet locating assets within a facility, such as finding a misplaced tool cart in a warehouse locating pallets of merchandise in a warehouse

16. AUTOMOBILES tracking automobiles through an assembly

17. MEDICAL finding medical equipment in a hospital

18. IN COMPUTERS As digital note taker As digital pen(smart pen) 2d plotter 3d drawing (by adding another receiver) As mouse Making desktop touch screen

19. AS NAVIGATION Shopping mall maps. School campus Guided tours of museums Airport, bus, train and subway stations maps Car location in big or multi-storey indoor parking's.

20. SECURITY

21. CIVIL AND MECHANICAL WORKS

22. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

23. FUTURE

24. CONCLUSION