1. ORAL CARE

2. ORAL CARE PRODUCTS
Dentifrice
Oral Rinses

3. ORAL ENVIRONMENT Teeth Gingiva / Mucosa Saliva Plaque Tartar Caries
Periodontal Disease

4. ORAL ENVIRONMENT CARIES
A progressively destructive, infectious disease resulting in:
Demineralization of enamel / cementum
Bacterial penetration to pulp
Formation of macroscopic activity
Caries promotion Caries reduction
dietary carbohydrate increased salivary flow
reduced salivary flow reduced plaque
cariogenic bacteria fluoride
Sound enamel
plaque acid prod
saliva
acid neutralization
mineral loss
mineral gain
(fluoride)
Lesions
Cavity

5. COMPOSITION OF DENTIFRICES

6. COMPOSITION & CHEMISTRY OF DENTIFRICES
A dentifrice is a substance used with a toothbrush for the purpose of cleaning the accessible surfaces of the teeth (American Dental Association)
TOOTHPASTE:
Toothpaste is a colloidal suspension of a mixture of ingredients that must be carefully balanced in order to provide an efficacious, safe, and consumer friendly product

7. TOOTHPASTE CONSIDERATIONS
Safety and Efficacy
Controlled foaming
Abrasiveness
Consistency
Consumer Friendly
Pleasing taste
Ease of use
Pleasing appearance

8. PRODUCT CRITERIA Minimum one year shelf life Easily dispensable
Compatible with the package
Efficacious
Safe

9. TOOTHPASTE INGREDIENTS
Abrasive
Binder
Humectant
Sweetener
Flavor
Surfactant
Active Ingredients

10. ABRASIVE / POLISHING AGENTS
Function:
Cleaning and polishing by providing friction.( 20-50%)
Characteristics:
Solid, insoluble particles
Abrasive
Potential for fluoride interaction in case of calcium salts

11. ABRASIVE Types : Silica ( organic softer version )
Phosphate Salts – ie “Dical”
Carbonates – ie Calcium Carbonate or Chalk
( mineral type capable of eroding the enamel surface)
Others

12. Chalk or precipitated calcium carbonate
Double decomposition of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate
Dicalcium phosphate
Low in abrasion , incompatible with most flourides, should contain a stabilizer to prevent grittiness or caking on ageing hence can be replaced with magnesium phosphate.

13. SILICAS Two types Abrasive silica Thickening silica
Abrasives are dense, relatively non absorbant, odourless and tasteless
Known as xerogels free of voids or air spaces
Minimal effect on the consistency of finished paste

14. Thickening silica ( aero gels)
Small sized particles with very large surface areas
Capable of swelling and thickening the paste.
In combination with abrasive silica form the basis of clear gel pastes and become transparent when mixed with liquid ingredients
Non reactive and compatible with flourides

15. BINDER Function: Characteristics:
Used to stabilize toothpaste formulations to prevent separation of the liquid and solid phases
Characteristics:
Can be natural or synthetic

16. BINDER (0.9- 2 %) Types: Natural Polymers Synthetic Polymers Others
Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)
Carrageenans
Xanthan Gum
Synthetic Polymers
Others

17. HUMECTANT Function: Characteristics:
Used in toothpaste to prevent loss of water and subsequent hardening of the product upon exposure to air
Characteristics:
1. Affect taste perception
2. 80% level produce a clear translucent
toothpaste
% produces opaque toothpastes

18. HUMECTANT Types: Glycerine Sorbitol( 70%) less exp than glycerin
Polyethylene Glycol
Xylitol
Propylene Glycol (viscosity and bitterness limits its utility )

19. SWEETENER
Types:
Sodium Saccharin
Sodium Cyclamate
Acesulfame K

20. SWEETENER Function: Characteristics:
An important part of toothpaste flavoring system
Characteristics:
Government regulations
Non-cariogenic

21. FLAVOR Function: Characteristics:
Improve taste of toothpaste
Characteristics:
One of the most important factors for consumer
A mixture of flavoring agents

22. FLAVOR
Types:
Minty
Fruity
Medicinal
Cinnamon

23. Oral products have a unique and specialized flavor requirements
Oral products have a unique and specialized flavor requirements. To be successful in oral products, a flavor must:
Have a pleasant taste while brushing
Leave a pleasant taste in your mouth after brushing
Be compatible with the base

24. All factors being roughly equal – “mouthfeel” appearance, perceived therapeutic attributes, etc. – the consumer will look to flavor as the determinant in selecting a product for use day after day and year after year.

25. SURFACTANT Function: Characteristics:
1.Produce foam and aid in the removal of debris
2.Emulsifies flavoring agents
3. reduces surface tension between dentrifices and mouth plague and increases penetration between cavities and gums.
Characteristics:
May react with other toothpaste components
High level may cause mucosal irritation

26. SURFACTANT ( 0.5-2%) Types: Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Sodium N-Lauroyl Sarcosinate
Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate
PEG Oil

27. FLUORIDE ACTIVES Function: Characteristics: Regulated by Government
Increase resistance to enamel solubility
Characteristics:
Regulated by Government
Restricted usage level
Soluble fluoride ion is essential for activity

28. FLUORIDE ACTIVES Types: Sodium Fluoride NaF
Sodium Monofluorophosphate MFP
Stannous Fluoride SnF2

29. Anticaries Dentifrices: FDA Tentative Final Monograph

30. OTHER ACTIVES Tartar Polyphosphates Zinc Citrate
Plaque / Gingivitis Triclosan
SnF2
Chlorhexidine
Desensitizer Potassium Nitrate
Whitening Calcium Peroxide
Hydrogen Peroxide

31. TYPICAL COMPOSITION Ingredients Weight % Humectants 60 – 20
Water – 50
Binders – 12
Abrasive – 50
Flavor – 2.0
Sweetener – 1.0
Surfactant – 2.0
Fluoride – 1.2

32. MOUTHWASHES or ORAL RINSES

33. Ingredients of Dentifrices and Oral Rinses

34. Mouthwash Components
Source: Morton Pader (Table 2) p. 500