2. Present and Past Progressive with Gerunds
ESTAR (in the present tense) + gerund
ESTAR (in the imperfect tense) + gerund

3. What is a Gerund?
Gerund
Is a verb form that expresses continuous action, or an action that is currently happening.
It’s equivalent to the –ing form of a verb in English.
It’s formed by dropping the infinitive ending of a verb and adding –ando for –AR verbs and –iendo for –ER/-IR verbs.

4. What is a Gerund?
Ejemplos: -AR verbs Hablar (to talk/speak) Cantar (to sing) -ER verbs Comer (to eat) Correr (to run) -IR verbs Escribir (to write) Vivir (to live)
Ejemplos:
-AR verbs
Hablando (talking)
Cantando (singing)
-ER verbs
Comiendo (eating)
Corriendo (running)
-IR verbs
Escribiendo (writing)
Viviendo (living)

5. What is a Gerund?
Verbs that end in two vowels, most likely –ER/-IR verbs, it’s formed by dropping the infinitive ending of a verb and adding –yendo.
Ejemplos:
Leer (to read) leyendo (reading)
Caer (to fall) cayendo (falling)
Oír (to listen/hear) oyendo (listening / hearing)
Creer ( to believe) creyendo (believing)
Traer (to bring) trayendo (bringing)

6. What is a Gerund?
And then there are the stem-changers, that don’t follow any easy rule and you just have to learn.
Ejemplos:
Decir (to say/ to tell) diciendo (saying/telling)
Dormir (to sleep) durmiendo (sleeping)
Morir (to die) muriendo (dying)
Pedir (to ask for) pidiendo (asking)
Sentir (to feel) sintiendo (feeling)

7. The verb ESTAR
Present Tense Yo estoy Tú estás Él /Ella/ Ud. está Nosotros estamos Ellos /Ellas/Uds. están
Imperfect Tense Yo estaba Tú estabas Él /Ella/ Ud. estaba Nosotros estábamos Ellos /Ellas/Uds. estaban

8. Present and Past Progressive with Gerunds
In this unit, we will focus on using gerunds with the PRESENT tense and the IMPERFECT PAST tense:
For example: “¿Qué haces?”  Estoy mirando una película.
(estar in the present + gerund)
“What are you doing?”  I am watching a movie.
Or in the Imperfect Past:
“¿Qué estabas haciendo?”  Yo estaba mirando una película.
(estar in the Imperfect Past + gerund)
“What were you doing?”  I was watching a movie.