1. Your Brain
Chapter 29.1 – 29.4

3. Nervous System You have 2 different major nervous systems
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Central nervous system (CNS)
CNS = Brain and spinal cord
PNS = All other nerves that send signals to the body from the brain and spine

4. Central Nervous System
Is designed to process information
You brain has over 100 billion neurons
Fluid cushions brain so there is little injury
Cerebrum (large portion) is the part of the brain that interprets signals from the body (hunger, emotion, pain)
Outer layer of cerebrum is the cerebral cortex, this is where most responses are created

5. Green nerves are considered the peripheral nervous system
Blue spine and brain are considered the central nervous system
The goal is to connect these two systems so every part can communicate with each other

8. Neurons
These are essentially the “nerve cells” that make up the nervous systems.
They are complexly laid out in order to stretch and make many connections
The stretched out portions are called axons
These are covered in the myelin sheath and transmit signals across the nodes of Ranvier
Gaps between these cells are called synapses, this is where extremely important cell communication happens

12. 4 Major Lobes of the Brain (cerebrum)
Frontal Lobe
Language, Higher level thinking, motor skills
Parietal Lobe
Pressure, touch, pain
Occipital Lobe
vision
Temporal Lobe
Visual memories, language comprehension, emotion association, hearing

14. 4 Major Lobes

17. Anatomy
Cerebellum part of brain that coordinates your movements as well as:
Fear/pleasure response
Attention
Language
Balance/coordination
Brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord. Made of 3 parts:
Midbrain – controls some reflexes
Pons – regulates breathing
Medulla oblongata – heart rate, vomiting, swallowing
Corpus Callosum connects two hemispheres of the brain

19. The midbrain houses a lot of very basic functions for the body.

20. Glands in the Brain
The brain features many glands that regulate many hormones in the body
Pituitary = growth, hormone regulation, blood pressure
Pineal = releases melatonin and regulates sleep patterns
Thalamus = Helps sort information around the brain
Hypothalamus = Autonomic functions around the body

22. Between all the glands in the brain, their job is to regulate feeling/emotions/behavior by releasing hormones into the blood stream. These can also play a huge role in digestion and growth. Regulatory processes are vitally controlled by these glands.
Thalamus is a middle region of brain that helps sort through information around the brain.

23. Reflexes Some of your body functions are controlled by reflexes
This means your Peripheral Nervous System overrides your Central Nervous System to react immediately
This saves valuable time to protect you from harm

26. Cranial Nerves

35. Phineas Gage