1. THE ITALIC LANGUAGE FAMILY

2. THE ITALIC BRANCH
Remember, Spanish is a daughter language of Latin, therefore, Spanish is part of the ITALIC language family.

3. Latin originates in the area of Latium and Rome
Latin spreads across Italy

4. From Italy, Latin expanded with the Roman empire into…
Most of Europe
North Africa
Parts of the Middle East

6. LANGUAGES OF COLONIALIZATION

7. The earliest written materials in Spanish date from the 10th century.
Due to colonization, the Spanish language is spoken by more than 442 million people in Spain, the Americas, Australia, and Africa.
The earliest written materials in Spanish date from the 10th century.

8. SPANISH Changes from the Latin Vulgate to Old Spanish:
Latin f followed by a vowel at the beginning of a word changed to h, so Latin filum became Spanish hilo, and ferrum became hierro.
Voiceless stops p,k (“c”), and g changed to voiced stops b, d, and g, so focum became fuego and sapere changed to saber.

9. SPANISH
Changes from the Latin Vulgate to Old Spanish:
Double consonants simplified to singles, so vacca became vaca and cattus became gato
Final r moved inside the word, so semper became siempre and inter became entre.

10. SPANISH
In the year 711, the Muslim invasion of Spain begun and thus the influence of Arabic began to become evident in the Spanish language.
Arab words in Spanish share certain traits: most are nouns and place names, very few are adjectives or verbs.

11. SPANISH
In the year 711, the Muslim invasion of Spain begun and thus the Spanish picked up many word pairs ( one from the original Latin root and one from the Arabic), therefore the words aceituna and oliva both mean olive, alacrán and escorpión mean scorpion, etc.
Many legal terms brought from the Muslim culture to Spain have gained permanence in the language, as well as commercial and agricultural words (est. 4,000 words or more)

12. Just for fun…
English words we stole from Spanish who stole them from Arabic
sugar
azúcar
sukkar
adobe
adobe
Al-tub
buckaroo
vaquero
albaqar

13. Just for fun…
Other words include “matador,” “tuna,” and more.

14. Just for fun…
The following chart has the English and Spanish words blocked out. Use your knowledge of cognates from Spanish’s sister languages to determine the meaning of the missing words.

15. Just for fun… young jeune giovane joven jovem tall grand alto short
petit
basso
bajo
baixo
great, large, big
grand
grande
small
petit
piccolo
pequeño
pequeno
good
bon / bonne
buono
bueno
bom
bad
mauvais
cattivo
malo
mau
beautiful
beau / belle
bello
bello / hermoso / guapo
belo / bonito
ugly
laid
brutto
feo
feio

16. REFERENCES http://www.britannica.com/topic/Romansh-language
Tcj4&index=3

17. REFERENCES
language.html

18. REFERENCES

19. REFERENCES
Hock, Hans H, and Brian D Joseph. Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship: An Introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistics. 2nd ed. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, Print. Pages 44, 45, 46, 61.
Jonathan, Slocum. “Indo-European Languages: Evolution and Locale Maps.” Linguistic Research Center of UT Austin. Hans C Boas, 13 May Web. 31 Aug
Jonathan, Slocum, and Vijay John. “Indo-European Languages: Italic Family.” Linguistic Research Center of UT Austin. Hans C Boas, Web. 31 Aug
Poulter, V. L. An Introduction to Old Spanish. Peter Lang Publishing: New York Web. Pages
Untermann, Jürgen. “Italic Languages.” Encyclopedia Britannica. N.p., Web. 31 Aug