1. Acid Base Equations

2. General Form of Dissociation
Acid
HA  H+ + A or
H2O + A  H+ + AOH-
Base
BOH  B+ + OH or
H2O + B  BH+ + OH-
Strong acids/bases will have a , weak acids/bases will have a ⇌

3. Weak acids and bases Acids Bases Carbonic acid Carbonate
Acetic acid Acetate
Ammonium Ammonia
triethylamine
(CH3CH2)3NH+ (CH3CH2)3N

4. Strong acids Acid formula Formula Hydrochloric acid HCl Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
Hydrobromic acid
HBr
Nitric Acid
HNO3
Hydriodic acid HI
Perchloric Acid
HClO4
Chloric Acid
HClO3

5. Strong Bases Name Formula Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Calcium Hydroxide
these make a lightning bolt
on the periodic table!
Name
Formula
Sodium Hydroxide
NaOH
Calcium Hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
Potassium Hydroxide
KOH
Strontium Hydroxide
Sr(OH)2
Barium Hydroxide
Ba(OH)2

6. Strong acids and bases
Strong acids and bases are not at equilibrium, there is no reverse reaction.
Strong acids and bases will never be formed in a net ionic equation.
Adding strong acid or base normally means you will have H+ or OH- as a reactant, the rest is a spectator ion.
All other acids/bases can be formed by reacting the conjugate ion with a strong acid/base.

7. Weak + Strong reaction
Reacting an acid with a base will produce water.
Reacting a weak acid with a strong base will produce water and conjugate base.
H2CO3 + OH-  H2O + HCO3-
Reacting a weak base with a strong acid will produce conjugate acid.
NH3 + H+  NH4+

8. Examples Calcium hydroxide reacts with chlorous acid
Acetic acid reacts with potassium hydroxide
Hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium nitrite
Nitric acid reacts with sodium chlorite

9. Predicting molecular equations
Metals and nonmetals combine to form salts. CHECK CHARGES OF IONS!!!!!
Metal Oxides and water form bases, bases have OH attached
Nonmetal oxides and water form acids
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to water and oxygen.

10. Examples Magnesium burns in oxygen Calcium reacts with chlorine gas
Scandium oxide reacts with water
Carbon dioxide is bubbled through water
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes

11. Solubility Rules You have to have this memorized Acids are soluble.
Compounds of: alkali metals, ammonium, nitrate, chlorate and acetate are soluble.
This is the sheet I give you

12. Examples Hydrochloric acid reacts with silver nitrate
Potassium carbonate reacts with calcium chlorate
Scandium acetate reacts with lithium chromate

13. Organic reactions
Combustion- organic compounds react with O2 makes H2O + CO2
hexane is burned in air
C5H12 +8 O2  5 CO H2O