1. Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed.
Ch 10: Health Promotion of the Infant and Family Ch 11: Health Problems of Infants
Laura Salisbury RN, MSN/Ed.

2. Ch 10: Health Promotion Biologic Development Birth weight, height
Growth in spurts
Fontanelles: when closed?
Chest circumference equal to head circumference by end of the first year

3. Maturation of Systems Respiratory Cardiovascular changes
Hematopoietic changes
Digestive processes
Immune system
Thermoregulation
Body fluid
Renal system
Sensory
Fine motor development
Gross motor development

4. Psychosocial development
Trust vs. mistrust
Delayed gratification
Primary narcissism
Biting

5. Cognitive Development
Learning to separate
Object permanence
Use of symbols
Sensorimotor phase
Birth to 1 month: use of reflexes
1-4 months: primary circular reactions
4-8 months: Secondary circular reactions
Imitation and play
8-12 months: fourth Sensorimotor phase: coordination of secondary schemas
Development of body image

6. Social Development Attachment to parent
Able to discriminate mother
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)
Separation anxiety: 4-8 months
Stranger fear
Language development
Play
Temperament

7. Concerns r/t normal growth and development
Separation and stranger fear
Child care
Limit setting/discipline
Thumb sucking/pacifiers
Teething
Shoes

8. Promoting Health During Infancy
Nutrition
First 6 months
Second 6 months
Starting solid foods
Weaning
Sleep and Activity
Typical sleep patterns
Typical activity patterns
Sleep problems (p348)
What about the “family bed”?
Dental Health
Cleaning of teeth
Fluoride

9. Promoting Health During Infancy
Immunizations
Hib
Hep A
Varicella
Hep B
Pneumococcal
DTaP
Influenza
Polio
MMR
Meningococcal
Know what each immunization is for and approximate schedule of administration(pg 352)
Typical reactions to immunizations
Precautions and contraindications

10. Promoting Health During Infancy

11. Promoting Health During Infancy
Injury Prevention
Aspiration of foreign objects:
toys, food, pacifiers
Suffocation
Motor vehicle injuries: car seats
Falls
Poisoning
Burns
Drowning
Bodily damage

12. Ch 11: Health Problems of Infants
Pg 382

13. Nutritional Disorders
Vitamin imbalances
Vitamin D
Vitamin A and measles
Vitamin C
Overdoses: vitamin A and D
Complementary and alternative medicine
Mineral Imbalances
Iron
Zinc
Calcium

14. Nutritional Disorders
Vegetarian Diets
Types of vegetarians
Lacto-ovo
Lacto-vegetarians
Vegans
Macrobiotics
Semi-vegetarians
When is supplementing needed?
Vegetarians need to get complete proteins
Essential amino acids

15. Nutritional Disorders
Nursing care management
Know factors that affect iron absorption (box 11-1, p. 380)
Complete proteins and incomplete proteins
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
Management of PEM

16. Food Sensitivity Food allergy Food intolerance Food hypersensitivity
Systemic
Gastrointestinal
Respiratory
Cutaneous
Atopy
Cow’s milk allergy
Lactose intolerance
(See “family-centered care” box on p. 388)

17. Feeding Difficulties Regurgitation GER/GERD Colic (paroxysmal
Spitting up
GER/GERD
Reflux
Colic (paroxysmal
abdominal pain)
Symptoms
Management

18. Feeding Difficulties Growth failure (failure to thrive or FTT)
Organic failure to thrive
Nonorganic failure to thrive
Idiopathic failure to thrive
Evaluation
Management (See Nursing Care Guidelines box, p. 399)

19. Other Disorders
Positional Plagiocephaly
Symptoms
Management
Treatment

20. Disorders of Unknown Etiology
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome SIDS
Etiology
Management
Prevention
Assisting the family

21. Disorders of Unknown Etiology
Apnea of Infancy
Pauses of breathing >20 seconds
Many Causes
Can happen with or
without ALTE

22. Disorders of Unknown Etiology
ALTE Apparent life-threatening event
Sometimes called near-miss SIDS
Infant found in state of apnea/cyanosis
May require significant interventions including CPR
May or may not have a history of apnea
Monitors can be used but can be very stressful for parents/family