1. Foundations of Human Development
Chapter 1 Overview

2. What is Human Development?

3. Throughout people’s lives, they grow and change.
Human development is an amazing, gradual process in which people change from birth through adulthood.

4. Development through the years…
What kind of things do you learn as a baby?
As a child?
As an adolescent?
As a teenager?
As a young adult?
What happens as you get older? Say, your 30s?
40s?
50?
70-80s?

5. Types of development

6. Physical Development
Throughout life, people change in size and height.
The changes in size, body composition, chemical makeup, and height that occur as humans develop from birth to adulthood is considered their physical development.
These changes occur at different periods in a person’s life, but researchers have agreed upon general guidelines of which changes are common in each stage of development.

7. Physical Development (cont.)
Babies:
Gain weight and grow in length rapidly
Teeth become visible as they grow through the gums
Children:
Baby teeth are replaced by permanent teeth
Hair thickens are becomes more bountiful
Head is usually larger proportionally in relation to the rest of their body
Teens:
Growth in height and weight continue
Puberty begins (preparation for possible parenthood)
Muscle and fat tissue redistribute and accumulate
Chemical changes begin to occur within body
Adults:
Muscle/ fat tissue continue to redistribute.
Body ages instead of regenerating or growing
Arteries harden
Eyesight, hair and skin changes
Sleep patterns change
As the body gets older, it slows in function and activity level

8. Cognitive Development
AKA how you think!
Processes such as perception, senses, organization, memorization, recall, reasoning, problem solving, and imagination are all part of cognition.
These processes change during different stages of life and are part of cognitive development.
CD also involves language development

9. Cognitive Development (cont.)
Babies:
Begin cooing and babbling
Children:
Problem solving abilities
Language skyrockets
Teens/Adolescents:
Complex thoughts
Language progresses
Adults:
Moral issues become more prevalent

10. Socio-emotional Development
The changes in the way a person’s social relationships, feelings, social skills, self-esteem, gender identity, and ways of coping with situations change over time, this is the socio-emotional development.

11. Socio-emotional Development (cont.)
Babies:
Learn to trust and depend on caregivers
Children:
Learning to control emotions
Learn about themselves and others (shift from egocentric)
Make friendships
Learn to care about others
Begin to see a difference between in others’ abilities and talents.
Teens:
Learn to identify themselves in different roles
Make decisions that affect their adult life
Learn to take responsibility for themselves, care for others, and form intimate relationships with others
Adults:
Form relationships with others (often results in choosing spouses/ parenting partners)
Become caregivers (children, older adults)
They are responsible for their own health and well-being
Moral decisions can dramatically affect their lives

12. 4 Principles of human Development

13. 1. Human Development is Relatively Orderly
For example…
Children learn their alphabet before they can read
They learn to walk before they can run
Ride a bike before driving a car
The abilities developed in life tend to build on each other in an orderly fashion
Knowing the different stages of development and their general order helps to create relationships with people and deal with people in an appropriate manner.

14. 2. Human Development Takes Place Gradually
For example…
Height- it takes years for a person’s height to complete. They may hit a growth spurt that happens within a few weeks but the overall process takes process
Brain development
Friendships

15. 3. Human Development is Interrelated
Physical, Cognitive, and Socio-economic development occur together.
For example…
As children learn to walk, they also learn to speak a few words as well as develop fine motor skills and connect to their caregivers.

16. 4. Human Development Varies Among Individuals
Outcomes and rate of development vary by individual
Some factors of these rates and outcomes are:
Heredity (ex: IQ)
Environment (surroundings and people)

17. Key Issues in Human Development
Nature vs. Nurture
Which has more influence?
Continuity vs. Discontinuity
Continual changes vs. abrupt developmental changes
Pedagogy vs. Andragogy
Teacher/ parent directed learning vs. learning on your own

18. Why study human development

19. ALL THE REASONS!!!!!! You interact with people daily
Helps you understand what to expect as you age
May enhance your abilities in your future jobs or careers
Knowing your stage of life will help make you better decisions and steer you in the right direction!
You’ll be better able to appreciate the people in your life that are at different stages of development