1. NS4301 Political Economy of Africa Rwanda Trip Report

2. Rwanda

3. Rwanda

4. Rwandan Facts Official Name: Republic of Rwanda Capital: Kigali
President: Paul Kagame (2000)
Government: Republic
Currency: Rwandan Franc (RWF)
Language(s): English, French, Kinyarwanda
Religion: Catholic (57%); Protestant (26%); Adventist (11%)
Population: 12.6M (CAO Aug 2015)
Current Rwandan gov’t consists of a multi-party democracy, but may as well be a dictatorship with the Rwandan Patriotic Front in charge.

5. History 1860: Rwabugira first known king
1894: Count von Götzen first European to reach Rwanda
Germans annex modern-day Rwanda & Burundi w/ Tanzania for Kaiser Wilhelm; territory called Ruanda-Urundi (RU)
1914: Germany invades Belgium under Schlieffen Plan
1916: Belgians retaliate by taking RU
1924: League of Nations mandates RU to Belgians
Control given to Tutsi aristocracy
1933: Racial ID cards
1957: Hutu Manifesto published
-1933: 85% Hutu; 14% Tutsi; 1% Pygmie

6. History (con’t) 1962: Rwanda gains independence
Gregoire Kayibanda (Party for Hutu Emancipation) elected Pres.
1973: Juvénal Habyarimana takes over as Pres
-Develops policy that Tutsi refugees no longer welcomed in 1986
1987: RPF formed in Uganda; commitment to overthrow Habyarimana
1990: In Oct, RPF crosses border to overthrow gov’t; leads to Rwandan civil war
1993: In Aug, Arusha Accords signed
Refugees allowed to come back across the border
1994: 06 Apr shootdown of plane carrying Habyarimana & Pres of Burundi
-Kayibanda refers to Tutsis as cockroaches (inyenzi)
-Gen Romeo Dallaire receives word from an informant of the pending genocide…he was in charge of UNAMIR

7. Rwandan Genocide

8. Rwandan Genocide

9. Rwandan Genocide

10. Rwandan Genocide

11. Rwandan Genocide
RPF defeats guerillas and take control of Kigali in July ‘94
Millions of Rwandan refugees in DRC, Tanzania & Burundi
Sporadic violence throughout 1990s
Stop division among ethnic lines & unite as Rwandans

12. Post-Genocide Econ Recovery
Vision 2020
Goal: Transform Rwanda’s agriculture-based economy into a middle class income country ($900 per capita annually from $290) based on information technology; reduction of poverty rate to 30% and increase life expectancy to 55
Vision 2020 Pillars
Good governance and a capable state
Human resource development and a knowledge-based economy
A private sector-led economy
Infrastructure development
Productive and Market Oriented Agriculture
Regional and International Economic Integration

13. Human Resource Development
Literacy Rate: 70.5%
Male: 73%
Female: 68%
Health
Infant Mortality Rate: 5.8%
Life expectancy: 60 years
Doctors: .06 per 1000 people (CAO 2010)
Economic Well-Being
45% of population lives below poverty line
Millennium Development Goals (MDG)
Rwanda is ranked first among 48 African countries in achieving MDGs
-Infant Mortality Rate
-In Africa, ranked 34 out of 54 (Mali 104/1000; Botswana 9/1000; tied with CIV…in same neighborhood with other Central African nations)
Globally, Rwanda is the 23rd worst…AFG is worst (117/1000); Monaco is the best (1.8/1000); USA is 6/1000.

14. Human Resource Development

15. Rwanda GDP per capita
Source: World Bank

16. Annual GDP Growth (%)
Source: World Bank

17. Internet Users (per 100 people)

18. Infrastructure Development
Rwandans can access running water w/in 1 km of their home
Foreign involvement

19. Infrastructure Development

20. Infrastructure Development

21. Infrastructure Development

22. Potential Threats to Stability
Burundi & DRC Socio/Political Environment
Aid Removal
40% of budget based on foreign-aid assistance
Rwandan support of M23 rebels & human rights abuses in DRC
Land disputes
77% of Rwandans are subsistence farmers
Returning refugees & land ownership (90% of court cases)
-Mention support of M23 rebels in DRC and US removal of aid

23. Questions