1. All living things are classified into one of 6 kingdoms.
The six kingdoms are:
Archaebacteria
6. Animalia
2. Eubacteria
3. Protista
5. Plantae
4. Fungi

2. When a taxonomist discovers a new organism they start classifying it based on certain characteristics…..first, they look at what kind of cell structure it possesses.
Types of Cells
prokaryotic
Once they know this, they can place the organism in the correct Domain.
eukaryotic

3. Domain is the most broad taxon. There are three domains….
Types of Cells
Domains
Organisms in this Domain are prokaryotic, small, and survive in extreme “unlivable” conditions
Archaea
prokaryotic
Organisms in this Domain are prokaryotic, larger than Archaea, and live in hospitable conditions
Bacteria
Organisms in this Domain are made of eukaryotic cells, more complex than bacteria
eukaryotic
Eukarya
In which Domain would they classify a human?

4. Organisms are grouped into kingdoms based on:
Next, they would need to decide which Kingdom it belonged in…
Types of Cells
Domains
Kingdoms
Archaea
Archaebacteria
prokaryotic
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
eukaryotic
Eukarya
Fungi
Plantae
Organisms are grouped into kingdoms based on:
1.Type of cell How they obtain energy How many cells they are made of, and 4.How complex their body structure is
Animalia

5. Prokaryotic cells (Bacteria) Archae means ‘beginning’
Archaebacteria
Type of cell:
Prokaryotic cells (Bacteria)
How do they get energy:
Some are Chemo-autotrophs (make energy from inorganic chemical compounds in their environment) Some are Photo-autotrophs (make energy from light),
Domain: Archaea
Archae means ‘beginning’
These bacteria are called this because they are thought to resemble the first living cells on Earth.
# of Cells:
ALL ARE UNI-CELLULAR
ALL ARE MICROSCOPIC

6. Archaebacteria Three Main Types: 1) Thermophiles- “heat lovers”
● Geothermally heated soils
● Sulfur-rich hot springs
● Wastes from coal mines
● Grow at above-boiling temps
● Best at 80°C / 176°F
● Almost all Anaerobic

7. Archaebacteria Three Main Types: 2) Methanogens- “methane makers”
● Swamps
● Gut of termites
● Gut of mammals
● All Anaerobic
● Killed by Free Oxygen

8. Archaebacteria Three Main Types: 3) Extreme Halophiles- “salt lovers”
● Great Salt Lake
● Dead Sea
● Seawater evaporation ponds
● Most Aerobic
● Can be photosynthetic

9. Archaebacteria
Interesting Fact: Archaebacteria live in harsh/extreme environments
● Volcanoes
● Ice flows
● Boiling Hot Mud
● Bottom of Ocean
● In Acid
● High Salt

10. Eubacteria # of Cells: EXAMPLES: Bacteria that cause disease
ALL UNI-CELLULAR
ALL MICROSCOPIC
EXAMPLES:
Bacteria that cause disease
Bacteria that help you digest
Prokaryotic (bacteria)
Some Photo-autotrophs , Some heterotrophs

11. Eubacteria live in these common places:
Interesting Fact:
Eubacteria live in these common places:
In soil
On your skin
In your mouth
In your intestine
They can live pretty much on any object (doorknob, phone, your keyboard)

12. Protists Some Autotrophs Some Heterotrophs # of cells:
Type of cell: Eukaryotic cells (has a nucleus/organelles)
Some Autotrophs
Some Heterotrophs
# of cells:
MOST are uni-cellular
few are multi-cellular

13. Protists Amoebas- use pseudopodia to move around.
PROTOZOA- “animal-like” protists (based on movement) heterotrophic some cause disease
Amoebas- use pseudopodia to move around.
Ciliates- use hair-like cilia to move
Flagellates- use flagella to move around.
Sporozoan- are parasites that cause disease.

14. Protists
PROTOZOA- “animal-like” protists (based on movement) heterotrophic some cause disease
ALGAE- “plant-like” protists (based on pigment and how they eat) autotrophic no true roots, stems, or leaves

15. Protists SLIME MOLDS AND MILDEW-
“fungus-like” protists (based on body form and how they eat) heterotrophic- decomposers can move at some point

16. Protists FYI: This is the ‘junk drawer’ kingdom. It is very diverse
Protists can be “like” other kingdoms, but don’t quite fit in any of the others.

17. MOST are multi-celluar
Video:
Fungi
# of cells:
Few are uni-cellular
MOST are multi-celluar
Eukaryotic cells
Heterotrophs- Decomposers

18. They have cell walls made out of chitin
FYI:
They have cell walls made out of chitin
Fungi
FYI:
Used to be classified with plants but now we know they are different enough to have their own kingdom.
Examples:
Yeast
Athlete’s Foot
Mushrooms
Bread Mold
FYI:
CANNOT MOVE
From place to place

19. Plantae # of cells: Eukaryotic cells All Multi-cellular
All Macroscopic
Eukaryotic cells
Energy: All Autotrophs
Complex:
Has organ systems

20. They have cell walls made out of cellulose
Plantae Facts
CANNOT move from place to place
FYI:
They have cell walls made out of cellulose
(fiber)

21. Plantae Cell Structure: Eukaryotic cells Size: Macroscopic
Has a nucleus
Has organelles
Multi-cellular
Has a large vacuole
Has a cell wall
Size:
Macroscopic
Organ Systems:
Complex

22. Plantae Environments:
Found in most areas where freshwater and sunlight can be found
FYI:
Many organisms depend on plants because they have the ability to make food using the energy from the sun = photosynthesis
Plantae

23. Can move from place to place (locomotion)
Animalia
Eukaryotic cells
Energy: All Heterotrophs
Facts:
Do not have cell walls
Can move from place to place (locomotion)
# of cells:
All multicellular
Complex:
Has COMPLEX Organ Systems

24. Animalia Cell Structure: Eukaryotic cells Has a nucleus
Has organelles – mitochondria, ER, lysosomes
Multi-cellular
Size:
Macroscopic
Organ systems:
Complex

25. FYI: Most animals have some sort of nervous system and the majority of animal species live in oceans.
Animalia
Nutrients:
Cannot make their own food so animals must eat plants, hunt, filter feed, or scavenge for food.

26. INVERTEBRATES SPONGES CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSKS WORMS
Most successful animal
INVERTEBRATES
ARTHROPODS
These are the only invertebrates that have an endoskeleton
MOLLUSKS
ECHINODERMS
WORMS

27. REPTILES
FISH
MAMMALS
VERTEBRATES
AMPHIBIANS
BIRDS

29. Question 1
Why do taxonomists use Latin names
for classification?
Answer
Latin is no longer used in conversation and, therefore, does not change.
Section 2 Check

30. Question 2 Which taxon contains the others? A. order B. class C. genus
D. family
The answer is B.
Chapter Assessment

31. Question 3 Which of the following pairs of terms is NOT related?
A. specific epithet – genus
B. binomial nomenclature – Linnaeus
C. biology – taxonomy
D. Aristotle – evolutionary relationships
The answer is D.
Chapter Assessment

32. Question 4
Which of the following is NOT true of both the animal and plant kingdoms?
A. both contain organisms made up of cells
B. tissues are organized into organs
C. cells are organized into tissues
D. cells contain cell walls
The answer is D.
Chapter Assessment

33. Taxonomy Quiz
Get out a piece of paper and put your name at the top!

34. 1. Which taxon includes the least diversity?
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
GENUS
SPECIES

35. 2. Which of the following represents how
2. Which of the following represents how scientific names should be written?
Genus species
genus Species
Species genus
Genus Species

36. 3. Which is a correct scientific name?
Panthera leo
Homo s.
odocoileus virginianus
Felisdomesticus

37. 4. A two-word naming system used to name an organism is called…
Dichotomous keying
Scientific epitheticus
Biochemicus nameous
Binomial nomenclature

38. 5. Which scientist grouped organisms based
5. Which scientist grouped organisms based on physical and structural similarities, which showed evolutionary relationships?
Mendel
Aristotle
Linnaeus
Hooke

39. 6. Which of these classification groups are in the correct order from most broad to most specific?
Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Class, Family, Order, Genus, Species
Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain
Domain, Kingdom, Family, Class, Order, Phylum, Genus, Species
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

40. 7. Taxonomy is the study of life
the science of naming and classifying organisms
the sequence in which different groups have evolved
stuffing dead animals

41. 8. Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same
class
family
genus
species

42. 9. Each level of classification is based on …
Specific characteristics
General characteristics
Shared characteristics
All of the above

43. 10. All organisms that are not bacteria, belong in which Domain?
Archea
Animalia
Eukaryota
Prokaryota