1. THE ROARING TWENTIES
A DECADE OF CHANGE

2. During WWI Men were called to serve their country.
Women took jobs in factories making war supplies to help support the war effort.
War was EXCELLENT business for the U.S.
The economy flourished due to the war.

3. After WWI…
After WWI, soldiers returned home from Europe and took their jobs back.
Women were forced back into the home, often against their will.
Some women kept factory jobs, which angered many Americans because now some men didn’t have jobs.
Politically, the U.S. was returning to isolationism.

4. Working conditions
Factories had cleaned up immensely due to the efforts of Labor Unions.
Wages were good.
10 hour work days.
Safety equipment was law.

5. Progressive Era Ending…
Only three struggles from the Progressive Era still existed during WWI.
Temperance Movement-Prohibition-1918
Women’s Suffrage gained in 1919
Civil Rights for African-Americans-Voting Rights (Civil Rights Act)-1964
The Era of reform had just about ended.

6. THREE TYPES OF CHANGE
SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
POLITICAL

7. SOCIAL CHANGE PEOPLE’S LIFESTYLES
THE WAY PEOPLE INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER
SOCIETY AS A WHOLE

8. ECONOMIC CHANGE
CHANGES IN THE PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND CONSUMPTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES
THE “BULL MARKET”

9. POLITICAL CHANGE CHANGE IN THE GOVERNMENT
THE WAY PEOPLE THINK ABOUT THE GOVERNMENT
CHANGE IN LAWS
Suffrage Parade, New York City, ca. 1912

10. II. SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE 1920’S

11. MOVIES

12. MOVIES
FROM SILENT MOVIES
TO “TALKIES”

13. Watch the clip below. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bp3uGJu-kIE
Were silent films actually SILENT?

14. FAMOUS SILENT MOVIE STARS
RUDOLPH
VALENTINO
CHARLIE CHAPLIN
CLARA BOW

15. THE FIRST “TALKIE”

16. Clip from The Jazz Singer:

17. MICKEY TALKS !
MICKEY MOUSE MAKES HIS TALKING DEBUT IN 1927.

18. Steamboat Willie clip:

19. GROUPS
HOLLYWOOD
MGM
WARNER BROTHERS

20. MUSIC: THE JAZZ AGE

21. MUSIC - THE “JAZZ AGE” A faster paced style
The first original Music of the US
Started by Black-Americans in New Orleans

22. FAMOUS INDIVIDUALS

23. BESSIE SMITH

24. Louis Armstrong and Bessie Smith

25. DANCE

26. THE CHARLESTON A DANCE THAT KEPT PACE WITH JAZZ MUSIC
The Charleston is something better seen than described. Its dancers resembled something like drunken chickens. Based apparently on the idea of contorting the body in the most unnatural and uncomfortable positions possible, knock- kneed, pigeon-toed, stooped, arm shaking Charlestoners practiced the most scandalous dance to come along in decades. It was a rebellious kiss-off to civilized ballroom dancers and waltzers everywhere. Although it had been around since 1913 the Charleston caught on nationally and internationally after appearing in the 1924 all-black musical revue, Runnin' Wild, with music composed by jazz pianist James P. Johnson. Its heydey was roughly 1924 to
A DANCE THAT KEPT PACE WITH JAZZ MUSIC

27. Charleston Clip

28. WOMEN AND FASHION

29. THE TREND
THE SKIRTS AND DRESSES GREW SHORTER AND SLEEKER, ALONG WITH THEIR HAIR.

30. FLAPPERS
SIGNIFIIED THE NEW
INDEPENDENCE OF WOMEN

31. . With short hair and a short skirt, with turned-down hose and powdered knees - the flapper seemed like a rebel. No longer confined to home and tradition, the typical flapper was a young woman who was often thought of as a little fast and maybe even a little brazen. Mostly, the flapper offended the older generation because she defied conventions of acceptable feminine behavior. The flapper was "modern." Traditionally, women's hair had always been worn long. The flapper wore it short, or bobbed. She used make-up (which she might well apply in public). And the flapper wore baggy dresses which often exposed her arms as well as her legs from the knees down. However, flappers did more than symbolize a revolution in fashion and mores - they embodied the modern spirit of the Jazz Age.

32. WHAT ASPECTS OF THE FLAPPER
ARE SHOWN IN THIS DRAWING ?

33. Flappers clip:

35. HARLEM RENAISSANCE Rebirth of African American Culture
Through intellect and production of literature, art, and music blacks could challenge racism and stereotypes to promote racial and social integration.
The creation of art and literature would serve to "uplift" the race. Blacks should be proud of their heritage and accomplishments. .

36. Poet Langston Hughes Dreams Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.

37. Artist William H. Johnson
Johnson painted thousands of pictures, many of which are on display at the Smithsonian Institute
Top picture is titled: “Art Class”
Bottom picture is titled “Booker T. Washington Legend”

38. Singer Billie Holliday
STRANGE FRUIT
Southern trees bear a strange fruit
Blood on the leaves
Blood at the root
Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze
Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees
Pastoral scene of the gallant South
The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth
The scent of magnolia sweet and fresh
Then the sudden smell of burning flesh
Here is a fruit for the crows to pluck
For the rain to gather
For the wind to suck
For the sun to rot
For the tree to drop
Here is a strange and bitter crop
Lyrics by: Lewis Anderson
Originally sung by: Billie Holiday

39. Billie Holliday: Strange Fruit

40. THE GOLDEN AGE OF SPORTS

41. BASEBALL
BABE RUTH
60 HOMERUNS IN 1927

42. GOLF BOBBY JONES STARTED THE “MASTERS”
DOMINATED GOLF FROM BY WINNING NINE “MAJOR CHAMPIONSHIPS

43. TENNIS
BILL TILDEN

44. COLLEGE FOOTBALL THE “GALLOPING GHOST” KNUTE ROCKNE
In a twelve minute span, at the Michigan/Illinois college football game at Urbana, Illinois, Red Grange scored four touchdowns--95 yards on the opening kickoff and touchdown runs of 66, 55 and 40 yards--and put college football ahead of boxing as the Golden Age picked up momentum. No. 77, "The Galloping Ghost," would go on to play for the Chicago Bears ..
THE “GALLOPING GHOST”
KNUTE ROCKNE

45. SWIMMING SWIMS THE ENGLISH CHANNEL IN 1927
swam the treacherous twenty-two-mile English Channel in fourteen hours and thirty-one minutes--
the first to do it ... U.S.

46. RADIO

47. THE FIRST RADIO STATION

48. RADIO PROVIDED THE WHOLE FAMILY :
ENTERTAINMENT
SPORTS
NEWS

50. 550 WGR Buffalo NY (1000 watts) WKRC Cincinnati OH (1000 watts) WFUO/KSD both St Louis MO ( watts) KFDY/KFYR both Brookings SD/Bismarck ND ( watts) KOAC Corvalis OR (1000 watts)

51. “THE WONDERFUL AGE OF NONSENSE”
FADS
“THE WONDERFUL AGE OF NONSENSE”

52. MARATHON DANCING DANCE CONTESTS THE LAST COUPLE STILL DANCING - WINS !
USUALLY LASTED FOR DAYS

53. FLAGPOLE SITTING
“SHIPWRECK” KELLY
1924
13 HOURS

54. III. POLITICAL CHANGE IN THE 1920’S

55. WOMENS’ RIGHTS

56. PROTESTS
In front
of the
White House

57. ALICE PAUL PROTESTED OUTSIDE THE WHITE HOUSE
ARRESTED FOR CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
INCREASED PEOPLES AWARENESS

58. THE NINETEENTH AMENDMENT
“The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.”

59. PROHIBITION

60. THE EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT
“the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within the United States ... is hereby prohibited”.

61. CLOSING THE SALOONS USUALLY FBI AGENTS WHY NOT LOCAL POLICE?
Bootleggers paid police, public officials, and judges to look the other way.

62. SPEAKEASIES
SUPPOSEDLY SECRET CLUBS

63. RAIDS ON SPEAKEASIES
SERVED ILLEGAL ALCOHOL
PROVIDED ILLEGAL GAMBLING

64. ORGANIZED CRIME FAMOUS GANGSTER
BECAME RICH AND POWERFUL FROM PROHIBITION
They gained a stranglehold on Chicago public officials and labor unions and "rubbed out" any rival gang members or stubborn citizens who refused to cooperate. After Torrio was wounded in an attempt on his life, he moved to New York, leaving the top Chicago spot for Capone. Capone consolidated his hold on the city in a series of brutal gang wars, culminating in the notorious St. Valentine's Day massacre of 1929, when Capone allegedly ordered the murder of rival gang boss Bugs Moran and his gang. Moran wasn't killed, but seven of his underlings were. Capone was finally convicted of income tax evasion in He emerged from prison in as an incapacitated syphilitic invalid, and died that way in 1947.

65. TWENTY FIRST AMENDMENT
“The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed”.

66. ANTI - FOREIGN SENTIMENT

67. THE RED SCARE
FEAR THAT COMMUNISTS WOULD TAKE OVER THE US

68. IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION QUOTA ACT PASSED IN 1921
LIMITED NEW IMMIGRATION TO 3%
OF EACH NATIONALITY ALREADY IN THE US
the Immigration Quota Act probably struck most Americans as a bit of good news among the gloom. In retrospect, we tend to see the severe immigration laws of the 1920s as examples of racism and irrational fear of new cultures and ideas. At the time, white Americans saw many immigrants as radicals harboring anti-democratic political philosophies such as communism and anarchism. It's easy with hindsight for us to criticize American citizens of the era for holding irrational fears. Sometimes it helps to understand history better by putting ourselves in the shoes of the people of that era. To many Americans, for instance, immigrants represented competition for jobs and contributed to the overcrowding of cities. Labor strife was often seen to be instigated by "Reds" and other "foreign" influences. In response--justified or not--Americans demanded tough immigration limitations. With the Red Scare

69. SACCO AND VANZETTI CONVICTED OF MURDER
MANY BELIEVE THEIR CONVICTION WAS THE RESULT OF THE ANTI-FOREIGN SENTIMENT
AT THE TIME.

70. THE RE-EMERGENCE OF THE KU KLUX KLAN

71. THE KLAN IN THE 1920’S MEMBERSHIP GREW TO AN ESTIMATED 4-5 MILLION
NOW DISCRIMINATED NOT ONLY AGAINST AFRICAN-AMERICANS, BUT ADDED CATHOLICS AND JEWS TO ITS HATE LIST
using 1920s'-style advertising hype and tapping into the conservative mood of the 1920s and white mainstream resentment of immigrants and opposing ideas, repositioned the Klan as an upholder of "traditional American values." The strategy led to mass signups almost overnight. By 1924, the Klan had several million members nationwide (no one really knows the exact number)
the Klan embarked on harassment and violence campaigns against the many groups it hated. Blacks were lynched, priests were beat up, etc.

72. TACTICS
Used terror and violence
Lynchings
Burning crosses

73. President Warren G. Harding
Americans voted for Harding because they wanted change.
Harding promised change. He spoke of:
“returning to normalcy”
Interpreted as a return to a life that was simpler- a life before war, and before the endless campaigns for social and moral reform.

74. Warren G. Harding The Worst President in American History?
Warren Harding ( )
Return to Normalcy after World War I
Isolationism avoided foreign alliances but…
Disarmament of European nations
Europe debts were scaled back to allow their economies to recover
What do you believe Harding meant by a return to Normalcy?
What does that say about America?

75. The Ohio Gang Harding had a great deal of trouble as president
He appointed political cronies and friends to his cabinet – the “Ohio Gang.”
Many of these men got rich off government graft, kickbacks
Harding also had a great deal of trouble understanding the problems of his presidency – often couldn’t make a decision

76. SCANDAL! -Teapot Dome
The government had set aside oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, for the use of the U.S. Navy
Albert B. Fall, secretary of the interior, had the reserves transferred from the department of the Navy to the department of the Interior
The reserves were leased to two private oil companies
Fall received nearly $400,000 in loans, bonds, and cash as “gifts”
Fall was found guilty of bribery – this basically destroys Harding’s credibility
Harding dies shortly thereafter and Calvin Coolidge takes over as president

77. Coolidge and Hoover
Both Calvin Coolidge and his successor, Herbert Hoover, adopted pro-business government policies
Used protective tariffs to foster American business
Worked to keep taxes low
Worked to make credit available to business that wanted to expand

78. Coolidge – very different from Harding
Known for his honesty and integrity
Helped to restore the public’s trust in government.

79. Scopes Monkey Trial
John Scopes was a high school biology teacher in Tennessee
He was accused of violating Tennessee law by teaching the theory of evolution.
What is the theory of evolution?
Some religious leaders rejected the theory.
Scopes wanted to challenge the law and the trial became a national sensation.

80. IV. ECONOMIC CHANGE IN THE 1920’S

81. ADVERTISING

82. OLD AND NEW
MAGAZINES AND NEWSPAPERS
BILLBOARDS
ON THE RADIO

84. TODAY’S ADVERTISING WAS BORN IN THE 20’S
NEW TACTICS, INCLUDING SCARING PEOPLE !

86. AUTOMOBILE

87. MODEL “T’ MODEL “T” BUILT BY THE FORD MOTOR COMPANY 1909-1927
AFFORDABLE TO THE AVERAGE AMERICAN

88. ASSEMBLY LINE PRODUCTION
Cars produced
million
million
By late 1900’s :
- One car for every five Americans

89. EFFECTS OF THE AUTOMOBILE
PROMOTED OTHER INDUSTRIES: - OIL
- STEEL
- RUBBER
CREATED NEW SERVICE FACILITIES
HIGHWAYS HAD TO BUILT

90. INSTALLMENT BUYING BUYING ON CREDIT (Stocks: Buying on Margin)
ONE DOWNPAYMENT
THE REST PAID MONTHLY

91. Stock Market Crash October 29, 1929
The Stock Market Crash of 1929 devastated the economy.
Prices dropped over 200pts.
There were reports of mass suicides in the aftermath.
Many people lost their entire savings.
Numerous companies were ruined.
Faith in banks was destroyed.
Stockbrokers called in their debts (what people owed them). This caused the price of stocks to drop steadily and become worthless.

92. What caused the Stock Market Crash?
Buying on Margin - People could buy stocks for only a 10% down payment. The buyer would hold the stock until the price rose and then sell it for a profit. As long as the stock prices kept going up, the system worked.
More people invested in the stock market than ever before.
During 1928 and 1929, the prices of many stocks went up faster than the value of the companies the stocks represented.
Some experts warned that the bull market would end.

93. IN CONCLUSION THREE MAJOR SOCIAL CHANGES THREE POLITICAL CHANGES
THREE ECONOMIC CHANGES

94. Youtube videos:
Mr. Betts’ Stock Market Crash: Crash Course on the stock market crash:

95. THE GOLDEN AGE OF SPORTS
THE 1920’S
THE ROARING TWENTIES
THE JAZZ AGE
THE AGE OF
WONDERFUL NONSENSE
THE GOLDEN AGE OF SPORTS