1. Sex Hormones
By: Tyler Reitenga

2. What is a Sex Hormone?
Sex Hormones are fat soluble compounds (steroids) that control sexual maturity and reproduction
Produced mainly by endocrine glands
Endocrine glands are testes in males and ovaries in women
Females produce mainly estrogens and progesterone, males produce mainly androgens
Males produce mainly androgens
Sex Hormones are synthesized by cholesterol and from other compounds secreted by different levels of the body over the span of a persons life

3. Production of Sex Hormones
Made by gonads (Ovaries in women, Testes in men)
Made By adrenal glands
Made by confrontation by other sex hormones in other tissues
Production increases at puberty and decreases at old age

4. Types of Sex Hormones
Androgen – controls development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates
Estrogen – primary femal sex hormones
Progestogen – function in maintaining pregnancy

5. Androgens Controls development and maintenance of male
characteristics in vertebrae's
Were first discovered in 1936
Forerunner of all estrogens
Testosterone is an androgen

6. Types of Androgens
Dehydroepiandrosterone: made in the adrenal cortex from cholesterol
Androstenedione: Made by adrenal cortex, ovaries, and testes and is converted metabolically to testosterone
Androstenediol: main controller of gonadotropin secretion
Androsterone: created when androgens break down and helps to enforce masculinity
Dihydrotestosterone: metabolite of testosterone, is made in the adrenal cortex

7. Estrogens Important in the estrous cycle Primary female sex hormones
Name is comes from Greek word meaning “gadfly”
Synthesized in all vertebrates
Diffuse across the cell membrane and bind to estrogen receptors

8. Types of Estrogen
Estroidal: predominant estrogen during reproductive years
Estriol: Produced during pregnancy
Estrone: Least abundant pf the other types of estrogen and is important is health and disease

9. Progestogen Each is characterized by its own pregnane skeleton
Function in maintenance of pregnancy and other menstrual cycles
It is produced by the corpus luteum
Production is controlled by placenta
All tissues that prodce steroids can produce progestrogens

10. Types of Progestogen
Progesterone: Involved in embryogenesis and the female menstrual cycle

11. History of the Sex Hormone
Sex hormones were studied excessively in the 1920s
The first breakthrough came in 1929 with female hormones
In 1934, Ruzicka synthesized androsterone from cholesterol. This was the first synthesis of a sex hormone and the first proof of the relationship between cholesterol and sex hormones.
Butenandt's group found show that sex hormones were related to both bile acids and cholesterol, in 1939, the group converted cholesterol into progesterone.
Ruzicka and Butenandt shared the 1939 Nobel Prize in chemistry for their work in demonstrating the structure of steroids which included the sex hormones

12. Sex Hormone Disorders
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): Hormonal imbalance in women linked to excess production of male sex hormones
Hirsutism: Condition in women in which too much hair grows on the face or body.
Late Onset Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Genetic disorder in women where the adrenal glands don't produce important sex hormones.
Testosterone Deficiency: Condition in men where there is Insufficient testosterone production.