1. THE MEDIEVAL KINGDOM OF HUNGARY

2. Magyars
9th-10th century- nomadic tribes called Magyars came to Pannonian Basin (from the Ural region, present-day Russia)
Fights with Great Moravia
Fights with Bavarians the Battle of Bratislava new rulers of the Pannonian Basin
Fights with Germans- defeated by German king Oto I.(Battle of Lechfeld in 955) They started to settle down in Pannonian Basin
Fights among the Magyars
First king of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary became Stephen I from Árpád dynasty in 1000

4. ÁRPÁD DYNASTY
11th-14th century

5. Árpád dynasty Stephen I- supported Christianity (Magyars were pagans)
Founded monasteries, churches
Peasants paid a tithe (one tenth from their farm productions) to clergy
+ he divided Hungary into counties

7. Nitra duchy
It achieved its boom in the 11th century with the dukes Gejza and Ladislav (future kings)
It extended over almost whole Slovakia and some parts of Hungary
It ended at the beginning of the 12th century
Nitra was an important center of the country, important border territory and the base of the younger member of Arpad dynasty - the future king
He was based in the Nitra castle, ruled over 1/3 of the kingdom and protected it from attacks from the west
He ruled almost independently from the king, had its own army, coins, district administrators and owned 15 castles in the different districts

8. Árpád dynasty 13th century- the internal crisis in the KoH Andrew II
Weak rulers, nobility gaining the power, bad economy
Andrew II
Issued Golden Bull in it garanted the rights of nobility
The right to disobey the king when acted contrary to law
The right for a proper trial
Noblemen could inherit their land and property
They were not forced to go to war outside of Hungary and were not obligated to finance it
They were freed of taxes

9. Main points of the Bull
I. No nobleman may be arrested (in an unfair way), nor can he be oppressed by the desire of any higher power.
II. The Noblemen are declared to be exempt from the payment of taxes, nor will money be collected from their treasures. Neither will their residences be occupied, nor their villages, and these may only be visited by those who have been invited. No taxes will be levied on the Church.
III. If any nobleman dies without a male heir, his daughter will receive a quarter of his possessions; the remainder of his property shall be given to others, but if, as a result of their deaths, they cannot take possession of these properites, then these properties shall pass into the hands of their closest living relative; if this is not possible, then the King shall inherit them.
IV. If the King wishes to send his armies outside of the Kingdom the Noblemen will not be under obligation to go with him, if the monarch doesn't pay them. However if an invading army enters in the Kingdom, all of them must serve to expel it.
VII. The Hungarian Palatine may judge everyone in the Kingdom without any differentiation; but he cannot take try any nobleman without the King's approval.
VIII. If foreigners arrive in the Kingdom, they must not receive honors and public positions without the Royal Council's approval.
XI. Hungarian properties cannot be given to foreigners.
XXIV. Nor Jew or Ismaelite, can hold a public position (job). The Nobles of the Chamber, those working with monies, tax collectors and toll-keepers may only be Hungarian noblemen.
XXX. In order for this document to be lawful, and put into use for the future, seven copies, each sealed with the Golden Seal, will be made of it. The first will be sent to the Pope, the second to the Knights of Saint John, the third to the Templar Knights, the fourth to the King, the fifth to the archbishop of Esztergom, the sixth to the Archbishop of Kalocsa and the seventh to the Hungarian Palatine, so that these writings won't be falsified or confused.

10. Mongol Invasion Mongols invaded KoH in 13th century
The main battle- Battle of Mohi/Battle of the River Slaná-spring of 1241
Mongols led by Batu Khan destroyed Hungarian Army
Mongolian army was well trained, discipline, horses
King Bela IV escaped
Mongols left Kof because the Great Khan died

12. Mongol Invasion Consequences Catastrophy
Places destroyed- villages and churches burnt down, population was halved also due to starvation(why?), many areas-without people
Béla IV tried to repair the damage
built a chain of border fortresses
called in colonists to repopulate the country
Mainly Germans- settled down in towns and Central Slovakia, they brought new methods of agriculture and mining
Memorial in Muhi

13. Árpád dynasty Béla IV Gave priviliges to towns e.g.
Privilige to have a market- craftsmen could sell their goods and buy the local goods
Fishing, hunting – where and what
Mining- e.g. gold, silver
To have a hangman
Towns had to pay taxes for these priviliges money for the king

14. Árpád dynasty
Last king- Andrew III who died in the beginning of the 14th century with no successor
Society in the KoH
King
The clergy
The nobility
Higher
Lower
Townsfolk
Peasants

15. Dispute for the throne 14th century Magnates
Wealthy and powerful
Building castles
Aba family- eastern present-day Slovakia
Matthew III Csak- around 50 castles under his rule, western present-day Slovakia
He acquired Trenčín Castle- later named after it – Matúš Čák Trenčiansky
Charles I - coronated as Hungarian king

17. ANJOU DYNASTY
14th century

18. Anjou dynasty 14th century Charles I Defeated wealthy noblemen
Also known as Charles Robert
Battle of Rozhanovce (1312)
Charles I won
The end of the rule of Aba family + weakening Matthew III Csak
Defeated wealthy noblemen

19. Anjou dynasty Charles I Louis I of Hungary
Reforms- better army, renewed administration
Introduced stable currency
Golden florin
Supported mining
Louis I of Hungary
Son of Charles I
Also Polish king
Empire extended- Hungary was connected with Poland
In 1381 granted Privileges for the Slovaks in Žilina- Guaranteed Slovaks in Žilina equal number of seats in the town council as the German citizens had (50/50)

20. Privileges for the Slovaks in Žilina
“...our Slovak citizens and visitors of Žilina have been complaining that
according to the old custom and privilege they used to be voted for
representatives in the town council and appointed in the same number of
Slovaks and Germans. Now, however, the Germans do not want to admit the
election of Slovaks as town representatives in the town council. Because
Slovaks are more numerous than German citizens and visitors in Žilina and in
the whole province… in order to calm down and stop conflicts between Slovak
and German citizens… together with our barons we decided, that the
representatives are elected from the Slovak and German citizens and visitors
always in equal number and that the mentioned Slovak citizens are permitted to
become members of the town council…”
(...in Žilina, 1381)

21. Anjou dynasty Mining Mining towns- priviliges
Natural resources of gold, silver, copper and iron ore
Banská Štiavnica, Kremnica
A mint was built in Kremnica
Spiš
present-day Slovakia- very important, called „the Golden mine of Hungary“
Thanks to this- better roads were constructed

22. LUXEMBOURG DYNASTY
14th/15th century

23. Luxembourg dynasty Sigismund of Luxembourg (1387-1437)
Hungarian king for 50 years, he also became Holy Roman Emperor
Fighting with Ottoman Empire- Defeated by Turks at Nicopolis (1396)
Supporting towns

24. Sigismund of Luxembourg
Council in Constance, Germany ( )
Initiated by Sigismund of Luxembourg
Aim = eliminate great schism of church/resolve other religious controversies
Included trial with Jan Hus- Priest and scholar who denounced corruption of the Church and the Papacy
His preaching widely spread in Bohemia
He was declared a heretic and executed (burnt to death) on July 6th 1415
The Hussites- followers of Jan Hus
Civil war between the Hussites and Catholics in Bohemia

25. HUNYADI DYNASTY
15th century

26. Hunyadi dynasty Matthias I- known as Matthias Corvinus (1458-1490)
In order to strengthen his power = formed a permanent professional army (paid soldiers)- Black army
Supported development of crafts, trade, towns and mining
Matthias I. tried to reorganize economy of country + introduce some reforms
He supported/gave privileges to the Vlachs
migrating shepherds of sheep/goats from Romania, who were settling in the Slovak mountains – they were populating existing villages as well as founding new ones

27. Matthias Corvinus Culture:
Matthias Corvinus supported development of education/art
Important scholars from mostly Italy worked in his court
spreading ideas of humanism/renaissance
1467 he opened the first university in Slovakia, the Academia Istropolitana in Bratislava
Supported collection/rewriting of old hand written works- saved in his library (Biblioteca Corviniane) in Budin

28. JAGIELLON DYNASTY
15th/16th century

29. Jagiellon dynasty Vladislaus II (1490-1516)
During his reign the nobility widely extended their powers and strengthened their hold over an already oppressed peasantry
Nickname „King Dobre“ as he agreed with almost everything Hungarian nobility asked him to do, royal power declined
During his reign- Dózsa Rebellion (1514)
The rebellious peasants attacked their landlords, burning hundreds of manor houses and castles and murdering thousands of nobles and captured many fortresses
Dózsa was executed, the rebellion was unsuccessful but it weakened the country
Successor – his son Louis II

30. Mohács catastrophy 1526
Ottoman empire was a dangerous oponent to the KoH
KoH-weak Ottoman empire invades it
1526-Battle of Mohács
Hungarians defeated by Ottomans led by Suleiman the Magnificent
Hungarian king Louis II (Jagiellon) dead
=collapse of Medieval Hungary

31. HABSBURG DYNASTY 16th-18th century/20th century
Modern History
HABSBURG DYNASTY
16th-18th century/20th century

32. Turks and Hungary&Slovakia

33. 1541 Hungary was split into 3 parts:
Dispute for the throne between John Zapolya(JZ) and Ferdinand Habsburg(FH)
Later agreement= 2 kings- JZ-east of the country, FH north and west
1541 Hungary was split into 3 parts:
Ferdinand I –northern(most of Slovakia) and western Hungary, Croatia = the “Royal Hungary”
Transylvania, called “Seven-Castles Land” (Sedmohradsko)- autonomy but under Ottoman rule
Turks – southern and central Hungary, the “Turkish Province” called Budin eyalet/Budin pashalik
Was split into sanjaks(districts) e.g. Fiľakovo, Esterghom

34. Turks in Slovakia
People scared, Turks were raiding the country, forcing people to pay the taxes, killing and taking people as slaves etc.
Wars with Turks lasted for around 150 years
Slovak citizens had to supply the army with food, deliver materials and help building fortifications, as well as give rooms to emperor`s soldiers who would spend winters in northern Slovakia
SVK- Christianity vs. Ottoman empire- islam
Mining towns-economically very important, Turks were trying to conquer them-unsuccessful
Cities- building fortresses(Nové Zámky) for defense against Turks
+guard towers called „vartovka“ e.g. in Krupina

35. Turks in Slovakia Janissaries
Elite infantry paid troops in Ottoman army
Made up of slaves and young Christian boys
„Thanks“ to Turks- cultural imports such as drinking coffee, smoking tobacco, growing corn, tulpis, apricots, pepper
+ new wrods in Slovak such as atlas, káva, papuče, višne, tulipán etc.

36. Bratislava
Capital and coronation town of Hungary (because Turks occupied Budin)
Assembly and other offices were moved to Bratislava
Coronations in St.Martin Cathedral
Castle- 4 towers built in 17th century
Close to Vienna- Habsburg residency
Citywalls for protection
Changes in socialstructure of the city
Viticulture
Other names- Pressburg(German), Prešporok(Slovak), Posony (Hungarian)

37. Habsburg dynasty 16th-18th century Ferdinand I
Catholic
Tried to centralised the monarchy, tax the nobility, fight with protestants
16th century- ideas of reformation were spreading around Europe
Centres of reformation in Slovakia- Bardejov, Košice, Levoča, Prešov

38. Anti-Habsburg uprisings in Hungary
17th-18th century
Led by noblemen,e.g. Stephen Bockai (the first uprising), Francis II Rákóczi (the last one)
Aim-to stop Habsburgs in their policy of counter-reformation and centralisation of monarchy
During this time-spread of highway men e.g. Juraj Jánošík
Ottomans supporting these fights as they wanted to conquer Vienna and move further to western Europe, but they were defeated at Battle of Vienna in 1683

39. Reformation and Counter-reformation
Archbishop Péter Pázmany- Catholic, supporting counter-reformation
Trials with protestants
Education- founding Catholic schools, also Catholic university in Trnava, Košice
Protestant College in Prešov
1610- after Synod in Žilina- independent religious organisation of Evangelical Protestants in Upper Hungary was created
In 17th century protestants could finally built churches called articular churches- made of wood, no towers, outside of the city

40. CW/HW- Timeline
Create a timeline with the most important dynasties and kings ruling the Kingdom of Hungary
+ important events/battles

41. 18th century Enlightened Absolutism
Habsburg and Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty

42. Charles III- King of Hungary (1711-1740)
=Charles VI- Holy Roman Emperor
Pragmatic Sanction (1713)
Edict issued to ensure that the Habsburg hereditary possessions could be inherited by a daughter+ the partition of the Habsburg hereditary possessions was forbidden
Successor- Maria Theresa
War of the Austrian Succession ( )
Questioning of Maria Theresa as a ruler of Habsburg dominios
At the end she retains the thrones but Silesia is under Prussian rule

44. Maria Theresa (1740-1780) Born in 1717 in Vienna
Married to Francis Stephen of Lorraine (Francis I, the Holy Roman Emperor)
16 children
Founders of Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty
Centralised the power of Habsburgs
Modernisation of the Empire
German language more used
Enlightened absolutism(p.564 Vocabulary)

45. Where was Maria Theresa crowned as the Queen of Hungary?

46. Maria Theresa- Theresian Reforms
Her reforms greatly improved economy
Theresian urbár (1767)- regulated serf relationships with landlords e.g. the amount of taxes(also natural)
Modernisation of agriculture-new crops were grown (potatoes), new technologies
Army- modernisation, uniforms, better training and tactics, building barracs, schools for soldiers, soldiers were paid
Judicial reforms- she forbade torture to obtain confessions and witch-burning

47. Maria Theresa-Education reforms
Ratio educationis (1777)
It introduced six years of compulsory school attendance for all children between the age of six and twelve (also girls)
Trivial schools-Reading, writing, counting + Gymnazium etc.
4 months summer holidays- why?
Studying in vernacular
Advisers: Adam František Kollár („Slovak Socrates“)
Historian, ethnologist
+Matthias Bel- „great ornament of Hungary“
Geographer, historian
Universities- Trnava, Košice
Academy of Mining- in Banská Štiavnica
first technical university in the world

48. Francis I died in 1765- Joseph II became the co-ruler of Maria Theresa
Emperor Francis I founded factory in Holíč for the production of ceramics
In Šaštín- textile factory
Francis I died in Joseph II became the co-ruler of Maria Theresa
Videos

49. Life in Slovakia Habsburg monarchy- multi-ethnic country
More than half of Hungarian nobility lived in area of present-day SVK (around families)
building mansions (baroque, rococo style)
Slovakia- around 2 million people(today?)
90% peasants, 5% nobility, the rest clergy, towns people and intellectuals
mostly Slovaks;
southern areas-Hungarians;
Germans mostly in towns- Pressburg, Kremnica, Banská Štiavnica, Spiš;
Rusins- Zemplín, Šariš;
Croatians- western Slovakia;
Gypsies- nomadic style of life, around in 18th century in Slovakia;
Vlachs-mountainous areas of SVK
Jews- mostly in Galicia; in some places majority of inhabitants e.g.Huncovce, Nové Mesto nad Váhom, Dunajská Streda

50. Life in Slovakia Towns:
The biggest town=Bratislava-important town for nobles, centre of the political and cultural life
Migration from north to south Hungary (areas depopulated „thanks“ to Turks)- Komárno, Esterghom, Pest, Miskolc
Mining in SVK- Gold, silver and copper (Banská Štiavnica and surroundings) + iron (Spiš), rock salt – Solivar (close to Prešov)

51. CW/HW
On a given map of Slovakia draw the areas of the ethnic groups mentioned above
+ mining towns
Don‘t forget to create a legend for your map.

52. Joseph II
Holy Roman Emperor

53. Joseph II- the Josephinian reforms
More radical reforms
He wanted to make the empire more efficient and financially secure
Population census
Use of German language (why German?)

54. Joseph II- the Josephinian reforms
Religion:
limiting the power of the Catholic Church, tried to make them the tool of the state
He ordered the dissolution of the majority of the monasteries in Austria- they were changed to hospitals, prisons, barracs for soldiers
Toleration Patent (1781), Joseph gave minority religions, such as Protestants and Greek Orthodox, the ability to live and worship more freely, they could built the churches in easier way, could work in offices, gain academic degrees
Later extended to Jews

55. Joseph II Abolishing serfdom in Hungary (1785)
People could travel, get married, study and do crafts freely
At the end he was forced to cancel all the reforms except the Toleration patent and Abolishment of serfdom
No children alive- Succeeded by his younger brother Leopold- not that radical in reforms

56. Art Literature Sculpture Architecture Music composers
Hugolín Gavlovič- Valašská škola, mravúv stodola
Religious works- Trnavský
Sculpture
Franz X. Messerschmidt – character heads
Architecture
Primaciálny palác- Bratislava
Music composers
Johann Nepomuk Hummel( )-
It was under Joseph II that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart( ) rose to fame-
Ludwig van Beethoven( )-
Joseph Haydn( )-

57. CW/HW-Full sentences
1. Explain the term Enlightened Despot (help p.564 Vocabulary)
2. Compare the circumstances in which Maria Theresa and Joseph II came to throne
3. Why were reforms needed in Habsburg monarchy? Describe the most important reforms and using examples, show how the reforms impacted Slovakia

58. Dynasties and the kings – simplified version
Árpád dynasty- 11th-14th century
Stephen I, Andrew II, Béla IV, Andrew III
Anjou dynasty- 14th century
Charles I, Louis I
Luxembourg dynasty-14th/15th century
Sigismund Luxembourg
Hynuadi dynasty- 15th century
Matthias Corvinus
Jagiellon dynasty- 15th century John Zapolya(1526)
Vladislaus II, Louis II
Habsburg dynasty th century
Ferdinand I, Charles III, Maria Theresa
Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty- 18th century-1918
Joseph II, Leopold II

59. Important events 907- Battle of Bratislava
1000-Stephen I- the first king of the Kingdom of Hungary
11th-12th century- Nitra Duchy
1222- Golden Bull
1241- Battle of Mohi
14th century- Privileges for the Slovaks in Žilina
1526- Battle of Mohács
17th-18th century- Anti-habsburg Uprisings
18th century- Enlightened Absolutism-reforms of Maria Theresa, Joseph II

60. Lesson plan for 7A/7B 1st lesson- Magyars and Árpád dynasty
2nd l.- Mongol invasion, Árpád dynasty
3rd l.- Dispute for the throne, Anjou dynasty, Luxembourg?
4th l.- Luxembourg?, Hunaydi, Jagiellons?
5th l.- Jagiellons?, Mohács, Turks
Quiz(from Magyars to Mohács)
6th l.- Habsburgs, uprisings, reformation, counter-reformation
7th l.- Maria Theresa
8th l. Joseph II
+Art? Around 4-5 slides of text per lesson
1-2lessons-Enlightenment in Europe
Review lesson
Term Exam

61. Lesson plan for 7C
1-2(3?)lessons-Review-History of Slovakia up to 10th century
3rd l.- Magyars and Árpád dynasty
4th l.Mongol invasion, Árpád dynasty
5th l.- Dispute for the throne, Anjou dynasty, Luxembourg?
6th l.- Luxembourg?, Hunaydi, Jagiellons?
7th l.- Jagiellons?, Mohács, Turks
Quiz(from Magyars to Mohács)
8th l. - Habsburgs, uprisings, reformation, counter-reformation
9th l.- Maria Theresa
10th l.- Joseph II
+Art? Around 4-5 slides of text per lesson
Review lesson
Term Exam