1. The Great European Powers
Mr. Lineburg
IB World History

3. Germany Democratic monarchy with authoritarian system
Power held by the Kaiser and Chancellor
Limited parliament (Reichstag)

4. Germany: Socio-economics
By 1900, the strongest industrial power in Europe
Rapid industrialization produced large working class and growing middle-class
Tension between these groups and with authoritarian government

5. Germany: Prussian Landowners
Politically dominant
Promoted militarism and allegiance to the Kaiser
Against reforms designed to move towards liberal democracy

6. Germany: Expansion
Population growth & pressure to secure raw materials
Congress of Berlin (1884) cooperated in Africa carve up
Dilemma: Germany wanted colonies -> World already divided up
Cooperate with Britain?

7. France Democratic republic/civil liberties
Agriculture based economy, yet wealthy
Large empire; gold reserves; overseas investment

8. France: Politics 'Pacifist' left-wing 'Revanchist' right-wing
Short-lived governments: effected foreign-policy
Sought alliance with Russia to contain Germany

9. Britain Parliamentary – democracy w/monarchy (limited powers)
First power to undergo Industrial Revolution
Vast overseas empire/largest trader of 19th century

10. Britain - Economic Decline
Losing economic power and trade dominance
Overtaken by the US and Germany by 1900
Democracy kept working class discontent at bay

11. Britain - Foreign Policy
19th century – "splendid isolation"
By 1900, needed allies for a long-term survival
George Eulas Foster, Canadian politician “In these somewhat troublesome days when the great Mother Empire stands splendidly isolated in Europe.”

12. Britain - Military
Powerful Navy -> used for defense of nation and sea- based trade
Resources over stretched
Needed to maintain naval dominance to maintain balance of power in Europe

13. Austria – Hungary Dual monarchy/Two Parliaments/Emperor
Very bureaucratic/inefficient
Land-based/slow economic growth

14. Austria – Hungary: National Rivalries
Dual monarchy leads to infighting
Nationalism leads to ideas of independence from smaller states
Demise of the Ottoman Empire strengthens cause of the Slavs

15. Austria – Hungary: National Rivalries
The Slavs strived for independence from the Ottomans
Sought reunification with "brothers" in other empires

16. Austria – Hungary: Policies
Policy of containment in the Balkans
Wanted to fill power vacuum left by the Ottoman decline

17. Austria – Hungary: Major Concerns
A multi national European empire in age of naturalism
Lack of economic/political/social cohesion
BIGGEST Concern: The hostility and aggression of Serbia – Serbs backed by Russia

18. Russia Autocratic Divine monarchy Czar Nicholas II
Bureaucratic/ineffective
Rapid industrialization/peasant class

19. Russia: 1905 Revolution
Discontent among growing middle-class and urban workers
Revolution after defeat by Japan
Limited democracy introduced
No improvement in working conditions

20. Russia: A Nation in Flux
Weak military
Strength lay in huge population resource
Encouraged Slav nationalism Yet wanted to help Ottomans...
...For fear of Austria-Hungary expansion

21. Turkey The "sick man" Of Europe – Ottomans in decline
Corrupt/ineffective regime
Nationalist/Islamic revolts uncontained

22. Turkey: Near Collapse Exploited by Europe
Foreign debt/political discontent
Turk/Slav division
Muslim resentment

23. Turkey: The End is Near Sultan overthrown in 1909 by the "Young Turks"
Sought modernization
The "Eastern question"

24. In-Class Group Activity
Organize into Groups of 3 or 4
Turn to page 10 in CPEW
All members recreate the spreadsheet as shown, obviously larger to hold information
Split up the work by specific country or characteristics
Using your notes and text, fill out your section of the table.
Share out to fill the table