1. Academic Achievement Series
Legal English and Introductory Citation
Fall 2017

2. Today’s Objectives English Check In American Legal English
Short Citation Forms
Putting it all together

3. Where are you with English? Active stress…?

4. Tired stress…

5. Productive Positive Stress

6. Zen like Calm….

7. Where are you?

8. Our task… Cultivate awareness and identify current status
Provide concrete strategies to improve Legal English for interim period
Cultivate confidence that language will come
Throwing in citation because we can…

9. Language acquisition in the abstract…
Background
Language acquisition in the abstract…

10. Levels of English Language Acquisition
Introduction to Language
Basic Interpersonal Skills
CALP
Cognitive Language Proficiency

11. Levels of English Language Acquisition
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills
Day-to-day language needed to interact socially with other people
Not demanding cognitively
Not specialized– often context driven
Usually develops within six months to two years after arrival in the U.S.
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency
CALP refers to formal academic learning
Includes listening, speaking, reading, and writing about subject area content material
Not content driven
Includes skills such as comparing, classifying, synthesizing, evaluating, and inferring

12. CALP will come

13. But you still have to perform now.
Interim steps to advance CALP proficiency

14. Concrete Steps to advance to CALP proficiency
Immerse yourself into the language more fully
Speak English socially with native English speakers.
Conversation Partner Program; library, professors, OGIP staff, FELLOW students (organizations), stores/restaurants
Ask them to correct you!

15. Concrete Steps to advance to CALP proficiency
Talk to yourself.
10-20 minutes/day
Describe what you see
Small notebook or phone- write word down you don’t know
Work on fluency- not perfection

16. Concrete Steps to advance to CALP proficiency
Listen
Lost art in many cultures
Focus on what person is saying- not what you will respond
Soak in language

17. Concrete Steps to advance to CALP proficiency
Identify areas of vocabulary strategically
Over 25% of the English language is covered by 9 words
And, be, have, it, of, the, to, will and you
Identify frequently used words- keep an ongoing journal
Look it up- Blacks Law Dictionary, Dr. Google
Perfection is the enemy of the good--- just do it.

18. Concrete Steps to advance to CALP proficiency
Incorporate English into your study habits
Take notes in margins of book in English
Write briefs in English
Outline in English

19. Concrete Steps to advance to CALP proficiency
Make mistakes.

20. Common Legal Terms Time to play JEOPARDY!

21. Bottom Line….

22. Switching Gears….

23. Residual Citation Issues
Refresher from Orientation
Basic citation form
Introduction to short citation forms

24. Basic Case Citation
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, (1966)
Baxter v. Hamilton, 864 N.E.2d 234, 238 (Mass. 2003).

25. Elements of a short citation form
Rule 10.9 and Rule 4
Elements of a short citation form
Miranda, 384 U.S. at 436.
Use “Id.” when possible
If case appeared in immediately preceding citation which included only that case, use id.

26. No intervening case– how cite? Id.
Short Citation Form
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
No intervening case– how cite?
Id.
No intervening case- cite to page 445.
Id., at 445.
Cite to same page?
Cite to same case, different page (i.e., pg 448) - no intervening cite?
Id., at 448.

27. Insert Intervening Cite
Baxter v. Hamilton, 864 N.E.2d 234, 238 (Mass. 2003).
Same case, no intervening cite- page 240
Id., at 240.
Now you want to cite Miranda at page How to do it?
Full cite?
Miranda, 384 U.S. at 440.
Now you want to cite Baxter at page 242- How to do it?– can you use Id.?
Baxter, 864 N.E.2d at 242.

28. Remember the citation mantra….
Doing is better than not doing.
If you cite something badly, you’ll learn to do it better.
Citation Mistake
Academic Integrity Violation

29. Just for good measure…
READ YOUR FRIDAY REMINDER!