1. Filcom Basketball 2016 Season Referee Course Referee Course Trainer Jackson Dunkley

2. Positioning of Officials
The two referee positions in basketball:
The LEAD official, who is in front of the play and on the baseline.
The TRAIL official, who follows the play up the court.
As the ball is turned over, the trail becomes lead and the lead becomes trail.
You want your left hip to be closest to the sideline you are responsible for.

3. Positioning of Officials
Boxing-in’ or ‘Sandwich Principle

4. Positioning of Officials
The eyes of the officials should be constantly moving, trying to see as much as possible, always knowing where all ten players are located.
Depending on the position of the ball, one official must be looking at the action away from it.
Knowing where the ball is located is not the same as watching the ball.

5. Positioning of Officials

6. Areas of Responsibility
Modern officiating requires the two officials to work in cooperation with each other.
In order to achieve proper coverage, the two officials should seek to obtain the best possible position from which to judge the play.
To simplify this, each half court has been divided into rectangles (1 to 6).

7. Areas of Responsibility

8. Areas of Responsibility - Trail

9. Areas of Responsibility - Trail
When the play is moving up the court, keep slightly behind and about 3 to 5 metres away and look for spaces between the players.
You are responsible for the sideline to your left and the centre line.
Always keep on the move, if the ball is moving, so should you.
Strive for the best possible position.

10. Areas of Responsibility - Trail
Whenever the ball penetrates towards the end line or the basket on a shot, dribble or pass, you need to penetrate to approximately the free throw line extended.
This will enable you to help out your partner and better see any situations!

11. Areas of Responsibility - Trail

12. Areas of Responsibility - Trail
If the ball is brought up the court on your far right and the dribbler is closely guarded, you must go over as far as it is necessary in order to cover the player properly.
Then you return to the normal trail position as soon as the situation permits it.

13. Areas of Responsibility - Trail

14. Areas of Responsibility - Trail
In transition from trail to lead, do not turn your head away from the play and look down court.
Keep your eyes on the play and the players at all times by looking over your shoulder.
When you are responsible for on ball coverage, look for spaces in between the players.
DO NOT RUN BACKWARDS!!!

15. Areas of Responsibility - Lead

16. Areas of Responsibility - Lead
You should be ‘faster than the fastest’, which means getting down the court as quickly as possible and allowing the play to come towards you.
Always keep on the move, if the ball is moving, so should you.
Strive for the best possible position.

17. Areas of Responsibility - Lead

18. Areas of Responsibility - Lead
You are responsible for the end line and the sideline to your left.
Be ready to assist your partner with the three point attempts in area 4.

19. Areas of Responsibility - Lead
Try to take a ‘deep end line’ position (around the netball line) to get the best possible angle.
A wider angle means better vision and, in turn, better decisions.
Always be ‘as wide as the play.’ Don’t stay under the basket as you will not be able to get the gap when the ball is wide in area 4.

20. Areas of Responsibility - Lead
If there is a pressing defense in the back court, you should go up the court and assist the trail official with coverage of the play.
In this instance, you should delay getting to the baseline in order to help out your partner.

21. Areas of Responsibility - Lead

22. Practical Advice Always move when the ball moves.
Look for spaces between the players.
“Go where you need to go in order to see what you need to see.”
Being in the right position is 90% of the way to a right call.

23. Fouls
What is a Foul?
A foul is an infraction of the rules involving personal contact with an opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behaviour.
A personal foul is a player foul, which involves illegal contact with an opposing player.
In a game of basketball, in which 10 players are moving at speed in a limited space, personal contact cannot be avoided and does not necessarily indicate a foul.

24. Fouls Legal Guarding Position
A defensive player has established an initial legal guarding position when:
Both FEET are on the floor
He is FIRST to the position
He is FACING his opponent
This is known as the three F’s!

25. Fouls The Cylinder Principle
The cylinder is defined as the space within an imaginary cylinder occupied by a player on the floor.
The front by the palms of the hands
The rear by the buttocks
The sides by the outside edge of the arms and legs

26. Fouls Guarding a Player WITH the Ball:
Must have established a Legal Guarding Position.
Once a Legal Guarding Position has been established, the defence can move laterally or backwards, provided that they reach the position before the offence.
Cannot move forward (into) the offense.
Cannot extend arms, hips, legs to prevent offensive player from passing him.
Time and distance DO NOT apply.

27. Fouls Guarding a Player WITHOUT the Ball:
A player who does not control the ball is entitled to move freely on the court and take any position not already occupied by another player.
Time and distance DOES apply.
Must give your opponent between one and two steps to change direction, depending on their speed.

28. Fouls Guarding a Player in the Air:
A player who has jumped into the air from a spot on the court has the right to land on the same spot again.
He has the right to land on another spot on the court, provided that the landing spot AND the path to the landing spot, was not occupied at the time of leaving the ground.

29. Fouls Foul Types: Common Personal Fouls: Blocking Charging Holding
Illegal Use of Hands
Pushing

30. Fouls Blocking Foul: Illegal personal contact which impedes the
progress of an opposing
player with or without
the ball.

31. Fouls Charging Foul: Personal contact, with or without the ball, by
pushing or moving into
an opposing players
torso.

32. Fouls Holding Foul: Personal contact with an opposing player
that interferes with his
freedom of movement.
This contact (holding)
can occur with any part
of the body.

33. Fouls Illegal use of Hands Foul (Reaching): Occurs when the
hand(s) is placed upon
and remains in contact
with an opposing player
with or without the ball
to impede his progress.

34. Fouls Pushing Foul: Personal contact with any part of the body
which takes place when
a player forcibly moves
or attempts to move an
opposing player.

35. Fouls Technical Foul: Fouls which do not involve contact with
an opposing player.
Using language or
gestures
Disputing decisions
Hanging on the ring
Baiting an opponent

36. Fouls If a technical foul is committed:
The opponents shall be awarded 1 free throw, followed by:
A throw-in at the centre line extended, opposite the scorer’s table.
A jump ball in the centre circle to start the first period.

37. Fouls Bench Technical Foul: A coach, assistant coach, substitute or
team follower shall not
disrespectfully address
or contact the officials.

38. Fouls Unsportsmanlike Foul: If a player is making
no effort to play the ball
and contact occurs.
If a player, in an effort
to play the ball, causes
excessive contact (hard
foul).

39. Fouls Disqualifying Foul: Any flagrantly unsportsmanlike
behaviour by a player,
substitute, coach,
assistant coach or team
follower.
Multiple Technical Fouls
for the same offense.

40. Fouls A player shall be disqualified for the remainder of the game if:
an act is excessively dangerous or negligent,
a gross breach of the game rules.
a gross breach of sportsmanlike and Filcom Basketball standards.
bringing Filcom Basketball into disrepute.
charged with 2 technical fouls.
charged with 2 unsportsmanlike fouls
a coach is charged with 2 technical fouls against himself personally, or 3 technical fouls (including personal, bench and team) in total.

41. Fouls Double Foul: Is a situation in which two opposing players
commit contact fouls
against each other at
approximately the same
time.

42. Fouls Fouls during the Act of Shooting:
The player shall be given free throws.
When the shot for goal is successful, the player will be given one bonus free throw.

43. Fouls Fouls during the Act of Shooting:
Begins when the player begins the motion normally preceding the release of the ball that is shooting the basketball.
Continuous motion begins when the ball comes to rest in the players hands and the shooting motion, usually upwards has started. If there is contact and as a result of the contact, the ball cannot be released on a shot for goal, then the player is considered to be in the act of shooting.
Ends when the shooter returns to the floor

44. Travelling
Travelling is the illegal movement of one or both feet whilst holding a live ball on the court.
On a PASS or SHOT the pivot foot may be lifted but not replaced before the ball is released from the hands.
To start a DRIBBLE, the pivot foot may NOT be lifted before the ball is released from the hands.
A fumble is not a travel!

45. Travelling
The basic concept of traveling is based on the "pivot foot." Once a player receives the ball or picks up his dribble, he is allowed to move one foot, while the other foot has to remain on the floor as a pivot foot. This foot is allowed to rotate, as long as the ball of the foot remains on the floor at all times. A travel occurs when the player lifts the pivot foot and then returns it to the floor before releasing the ball on a pass or a shot.

46. Travelling
When a player is starting a dribble the ball must leave his hands before the pivot foot leaves the ground.
This is often a split second decision that the referee must make as to whether the ball left the hand first or the pivot foot left the ground.

47. Travelling It is legal to lift the pivot foot to pass
It is legal to lift the pivot foot to shoot

48. Travelling
Jump Stop
The jump stop rule is part of the traveling rule that allows a player to make a jump stop move, which can be useful when trying to change directions quickly. According to the traveling rule, if a player, while in possession of the ball, jumps off one foot, he may then land on two feet and use either one as the pivot foot or jump again off both feet before passing or shooting the ball. However, if the player jumps off one foot and then returns both feet to the floor at slightly different times, it is considered a travel, as the first foot would then be considered the pivot foot.

49. Cross Court
The offensive team may not bring the ball backward over the half-court line, even by mistake due to an errant pass or a ball dribbled off the foot of an offensive player. If an offensive player is the first to touch a ball that has crossed back over the half-court line, his team will lose possession of the ball.
A player who is dribbling the ball is not in the front court until both feet and the ball are in the frontcourt. This allows the dribbler to return to the backcourt.
Once a dribbler has crossed the line, a player cannot pass to a teammate who is straddling the centre line as this is a violation, the normal cross-court rule applies.
A defender may jump from his/her front court to intercept a pass and land in his/her backcourt without being penalised for cross court rule. 

50. Officials’ Signals

51. Officials’ Signals

52. Officials’ Signals

53. Officials’ Signals

54. Officials’ Signals