1. MOTIVATION

2. Motivation is an important ingredient in boosting the morale of the individual worker and Improving his productivity. An effective manager should endeavor to know and understood the motivation of his constituents.

3. OVERVIEW DEFINITION THE MOTIVATION PROCESS THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
THE MOTIVATION MODELS

4. Motivation is an inner state that moves an individual to work toward the achievement of goal.

5. The Motivation Process
Under the motivation process, needs produce drives which eventually lead to the accomplishment of desired goals.
Figure 1
Drives or Motives
Achievement of Goals
Needs

6. What are these needs? Figure 2
Maslow in his Hierarchy of needs present them in ascending order.
Figure 2
Need for Self-Actualization
Esteem Needs
Acceptance Needs
Security or Safety Needs
Physiological Needs

7. Table of Needs Physiological needs- basic needs for sustaining life
a. Food and Water
b. Sleep
c. Health
d. Body Needs
e. Exercise and Rest

8. Table of Needs
2. Safety Needs- needs to be free from physical change. a. Security and safety b. Protection c. Orderly & neat surroundings d. Comfort & peace e. No threats or danger f. Assurance of long term economic well-being

9. Table of Needs
3. Social needs- needs to belong and accepted to others a. Acceptance b. Feeling of belonging c. Membership in a group d. Love & appreciation e. Group participation

10. Table of Needs
4. Esteem (ego) needs-power, prestige, status, self-confidence, self-worth, high regard a. Recognition & prestige b. Confidence and Leadership c. Competence and success d. Strength and intelligence

11. Table of Needs
5. Self-actualization needs- desires and aspirations of an individual to become what one is capable of becoming. a. Self-fulfillment and potential b. Doing things for challenge of accomplishment c. Intellectual curiousity d. Creativity and aesthetic appreciation e. Strength and intelligence

12. Reinforcement Theory
That reinforced behavior will be repeated and the behavior that is not reinforced is less likely to be repeated.
Reinforcement are rewards which could be positive or negative.

13. Example of positive reinforcement
A worker is given a pay increased when performance is high, then the worker will likely continue strive for high performance.

14. Example of negative reinforcement
Decreasing a sales representative salary when the sales free.

15. Closely related to motivation is JOB SATISFACTION
Closely related to motivation is JOB SATISFACTION. But they are not the same. Motivated workers are different from satisfied worker.

16. Tips for Building Employee Self-Efficacy
Don’t imply that employees are incompetent.
Don’t talk down to them about their jobs.
Don’t find petty faults with their results.
Don’t criticize their work in front of their peers.
Don’t belittle the importance of their jobs.

17. Tips for Building Employee Self-Efficacy
Do praise them for their appropriate efforts.
Do ask for their inputs.
Do listen carefully to their ideas for improvement.
Do share positive feedback from their peers with them.
Do provide formal recognition of their achievement.

18. Theories of Motivation
The economic man
According to Frederick Taylor, father of scientific management, man works to fulfill his economic needs.

19. Theories of Motivation
2. The social man That man is largely gratified in a social milieu (environment). That workgroup is the great motivator.

20. Theories of Motivation
3. The complex man That man has a hierarchy of needs.

21. Theories of Motivation
4. The motivated man Individual workers have two different categories of needs that are independent of each other but affect human behavior in different ways.

22. Herberg’s Two-Theory Factor of Motivation
Figure 3
Herberg’s Two-Theory Factor of Motivation
Hygiene Factors: Relating to Environment Around the Job
Satisfying Factors: Relating to the Job Itself
Policies and Administration
Achievement
Supervision
Recognition for Accomplishment
Working Condition
Challenging work
Interpersonal Relations
Increased personality
Money
Growth and development
Security

23. Theories of Motivation
5. The Three-Tiered Satisfied Man A combination of Malow and Herberg’s motivations and Alderfers

24. Malow’s Hierarchy of Needs Alderfer’s ERG Theory
Self actualization
Self-esteem
social
safety
physiological
Growth
Relatedness
Existence

25. Theories of Motivation
6. The Achiever People with high need to achieve, do achieve more than those with low need and with no need at all.

26. Theories of Motivation
7. The Expectant Man A theory where the workers perceived competence to do a job well and the equitable reward he considers fair and just.

27. Theories of Motivation
8. The Managed Man Manager’s assumption about people and their consequent operationalization defines his style of managing. This is labeled by Theory X and Theory Y of Mc Gregor.

28. Theories of Motivation
Theory X The manager assumes that a typical person dislikes work and will avoid if he can – has been associated with closed, autocratic style.

29. Theories of Motivation
Theory Y The manager assumes that a typical person, work is as natural as play or rest; has been associated with open and participative management style.

30. Theories of Motivation
9. The Learning-Reinforced Man Man learns from his environment and greater control of this environment improves his development.

31. Motivation Models The Theory of the Dignified Man
Time – Constraint Model
The Equilibrium Model
Motivation Model
Want-Don’t Want Model of Motivation
A Motivational Theory

32. 1. Theory of the Dignified Man
All men are created with an innate dignity which finds its fulfillment. When men perform work. therefore., work is but a natural consequence of man’s dignity so everyone possesses the need to work.

33. 1. Theory of the Dignified Man
The degree to which dignity is fulfilled varies according to his environment where he lives and works.
Example:
In affluent countries like Switzerland where poverty is very minimal, opportunities abound and everyone can work and avail of nice things.

34. 1. Theory of the Dignified Man
In the Philippines – the opposite. Majority of Filipinos have no work. They resort to begging, stealing, or committing more serious crimes.

35. 2. Time Constraint Model
If a person work according to required time, or even better, his motivation is increased to accomplish it, if he lags behind, he might lose his zeal and the drive to finish the job decreases.

36. 3. The Equilibrium Model
This model suggests that the administration should analyze the character/personality make up of the employee to determine what the individual needs and wants. Having given what was needed/wanted would be the balancing factor and the equilibrium where the employer gets more productivity out of the employee.

37. Examples of these balancing factors/equilibrium factors:
Financial benefits
Salary increases
Better working facilities
Challenging work

38. 4. Motivation Model (Family Factor Model)
Man has plenty of needs and man is motivated by these needs. These needs are the “born needs” (physiological safety needs, and the social needs) and the “influenced needs” (esteem needs like respect and admiration and self-actualization needs)

39. 5. Want – Don’t Want Model
This model points out that workers are motivated by one of the factors: what they want and what they do not want.
Example:
1. A man works harder because he wants more money; A man works harder because he does not want to starve w/o money.

40. 5. Want – Don’t Want Model Example:
2. I get married because I want to bear children; I get married because I do not want to suffer in my old age.

41. 6. A Motivated Theory
a) People basically seek responsibility, and do not view work as repulsive.
Example:
Other people accept job to be done but rely on others (No man is an island).

42. 6. A Motivated Theory b) Man is inherently good.
c) Filipinos are basically God- Fearing people who hold friendship and respect for others in high regard.
1) Fiestas that abound in the Phils. where pakikisama and utang na loob prevail’

44. SUMMARY DEFINITION THE MOTIVATION PROCESS THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
THE MOTIVATION MODELS

45. THANK YOU
AND
GOOD DAY