1. Chapter 12-B Test Study Guide
Chapter 12, Sections 3, 4 and 5
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2. Someone who was born in Latin America, but had Spanish parents
2Key Terms
Someone who was born in Latin America, but had Spanish parents
creole

3. 3Key Terms
Colonists who were born in Spain in the Iberian, Peninsula. They were at the top of the social pyramid.
peninsulares

4. Children of Spaniard men and enslaved black women.
4Key Terms
Children of Spaniard men and enslaved black women.
mulattos

5. A political group of people who rule after a coup
5Key Terms
A political group of people who rule after a coup
junta

6. They were considered harsh military leaders.
6Key Terms
They were considered harsh military leaders.
caudillo

7. The children of Spaniard men and Native American women.
7Key Terms
The children of Spaniard men and Native American women.
mestizo

8. To send products from one country to another to be sold.
8Key Terms
To send products from one country to another to be sold.
export

9. To bring products into one country from another.
9Key Terms
To bring products into one country from another.
import

10. A large farm or plantation.
10Key Terms
A large farm or plantation.
hacienda

11. What name did Columbus give to the native people that he encountered?
11Key Concepts
What name did Columbus give to the native people that he encountered?
Indians

12. What effect did foreign companies have on Latin American economies?
12Key Concepts
What effect did foreign companies have on Latin American economies?
Foreign companies often controlled the economies of Latin American countries.

13. What countries did Bolivar liberate? (5)
13Key Concepts
What countries did Bolivar liberate? (5)
Columbia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Panama, and Peru

14. 14Key Concepts
What was the first European colony in the Americas to win independence?
Haiti

15. 15Key Concepts
What was the Line of Demarcation?
An imaginary line that divided control of the territory in the Americas between Spain and Portugal.

16. Name two leaders who contributed to independence in South America.
16Key Concepts
Name two leaders who contributed to independence in South America.
Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar

17. Who led the first revolt for independence in Haiti in 1794?
17Key Concepts
Who led the first revolt for independence in Haiti in 1794?
Toussaint L’Ouverture

18. What was Portugal’s colony in the Americas?
18Key Concepts
What was Portugal’s colony in the Americas?
Brazil

19. What demands did Columbus make for claiming new land in the Americas?
19Key Concepts
What demands did Columbus make for claiming new land in the Americas?
10% share of all new trade, to be named Governor of all new lands, title of Admiral, and noble rank upon return

20. Harsh dictators concerned with getting rich and holding power
20Key Concepts
Describe the caudillos who ruled Latin American countries after independence.
Harsh dictators concerned with getting rich and holding power

21. 1. What world events inspired Haiti’s fight for independence
1. What world events inspired Haiti’s fight for independence? (pg )
2. List and explain the reasons why a relatively small band of Spanish soldiers were able to conquer much of Latin America and the people who lived there? (381)
3. Explain the events leading the Independence in Mexico Use the names Hidalgo and Iturbide. ( )
4. Explain how the Portuguese colony of Brazil became an independent country without rebellion.(389)

22. T: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7*

23. a. People were tired of being mistreated b. American Revolution
1. What world events inspired Haiti’s fight for independence? What factors prevented Haiti from being successful after independence?(385)
T: Haiti’s fight for independence was led by Toussaint L’Ouveture a former slave.
a. People were tired of being mistreated
b. American Revolution
c. French Revolution
d. burn everything down
e. 10 years later 1804 Haiti wins their independence.

24. JAGS Responses
1. What world events inspired Haiti’s fight for independence? What factors prevented Haiti from being successful after independence?
Two revolutions inspired Haiti’s fight for independence. One was the revolt of the British colonies in North America in the 1770s and 1780s to free themselves from British rule. The other was the uprising of the French people against their royal rulers. Haiti’s fight for independence inspired other countries in Latin America. Even though Haiti was able to gain their independence, they were not successful after independence. Other world countries refused to recognize Haiti as an independent country or to trade with them. In addition, France demanded payment from Haiti because Haiti was no longer a French colony and France would be losing money. These factors made it impossible for the newly independent country of Haiti to be successful.

25. 2. List and explain the reasons why a relatively small band of Spanish soldiers was able to conquer much of Latin America and the people who lived there. (381)
T: There were many reasons why the Spanish were able to conquer much of Latin America and the people who lived there.
A. Metal armor, superior weapons: guns and cannons,
B. horses,
C. Allies (enemies of the natives),
D. European Diseases including small pox
E* Conclusion

26. JAGS Responses
2. List and explain the reasons why a relatively small band of Spanish soldiers was able to conquer much of Latin America and the people who lived there. (381)
A relatively small band of Spanish soldiers was able to conquer much of Latin America. Several factors made this possible. The Spanish had superior weapons such as guns and cannons. They also had metal armor to protect their bodies and horses. Most important of all, the Spanish had native allies who were enemies of the Aztec and Inca. Another important reason for the Spanish success was they brought European diseases to the indigenous people.

27. a. Hidalgo a Creole priest, wanted to help mestizos and natives,
3. Explain the events leading to independence in Mexico. Include the following: Hidalgo, Iturbide. (( )
T: Mexico had several leaders that wanted to free the Mexican people from Spanish rule.
a. Hidalgo a Creole priest, wanted to help mestizos and natives,
b. He is known for “the Cry of Delores” which attracted 80,000 fighters
c. They won some battles, but eventually their luck changed
d. by 1811 Hidalgo was executed by firing squad.
e. Then a Criollo, Augustin de Iturbide joined the rebels.
f. He was trusted and promised to protect the people’s interest
In 1821 (10 years later) Iturbide declared Mexico independent. g*

28. JAGS Responses
3. Explain the events leading to independence in Mexico. Include the following: Hidalgo and Iterbide
Father Hidalgo began the fight for independence in Mexico. Hidalgo was a creole priest who wanted to improve the lives of the mestizo and indigenous people. Unfortunately, Hidalgo was not organized and did not have the support of the creoles. His revolt failed and Hidalgo was executed. Morelos led another failed revolt to gain independence for Mexico. Morelos was also captured and executed. Mexico was finally able to gain independence when a high-ranking Spanish officer, Agustin de Iturbide, joined the rebel forces. This led to the Iguala Plan which stated that Mexico would become a constitutional monarchy, be independent from Spain, and the church and military would keep their power. Unfortunately, the plan gave equality only to the creoles and peninsulares.

29. 4. Explain how the Portuguese colony of Brazil became an independent country without rebellion. (389)
T: Brazil became independent without war.
s Napoleon (France) invades Spain and Portugal
2. Royal family flees to Brazil.
3. The royal family lives in Brazil for about 20 years.
4. Royal family returns to Portugal.
5. Leaves Dom Pedro emperor and in control in 1821.
6. One year later, Dom Pedro declares Brazil independent and drives Portuguese military out in 1822
7. 3 years later Portuguese acknowledges quietly that Brazil is independent.
***Conclusion

30. JAGS Responses
4. Explain how the Portuguese colony of Brazil became an independent country without rebellion.
The Portuguese royal family fled to Brazil when Napoleon invaded Portugal. The king declared Brazil a kingdom equal to Portugal. When the king was able to return to Portugal, he left his son, Dom Pedro in control. Dom Pedro joined with the local elites and declared Brazil an independent country. He also proclaimed himself emperor, and drove the Portuguese military from Brazil.