1. Chapter 4 Integumentary System
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2. Chapter 4
Lesson 4.1
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4-2

3. Objectives Identify organs and structures of the integumentary system.
Define and spell the word parts related to the integumentary system
Define, pronounce and spell disease and disorder terms related to the integumentary system.
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4. Integumentary System Function
The skin forms a protective covering that when unbroken prevents entry of bacteria and other invading organisms. The skin also protects the body from water loss and from damaging effects of ultraviolet light.
Other functions include regulation of body temperature and synthesis of vitamin D.
The integumentary system comprises the skin, nails, and sweat and oil glands.
Can you name some of the skin’s accessory structures?
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5. Structure of the Skin
Note the amazing complexity of the many elements that make up the skin structure.
What are the names of the three main layers of skin?
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6. Major Structures of the Skin
epidermis: outer layer of skin
keratin: horny, or cornified, layer composed of protein
melanin: color, or pigmentation, of skin
dermis (also called “true skin”): the inner layer of skin
How does melanin help prevent sunburn?
Why would dermis be called “true skin”?
Is there such a thing as “false skin”?
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7. Major Structures of the Skin (cont’d.)
sudoriferous glands: tiny, coiled, tubular structures that emerge through pores on skin’s surface
sebaceous glands: secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles, where the hair shafts pass through the dermis
What might be the purpose of sudoriferous glands?
Why would it be important to have sebum (oil) on the hair follicles?
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8. Accessory Structures of the Skin
hair: compressed, keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles (sacs that enclose the hair fibers)
nails: originate in the epidermis; found on the upper surface of the ends of the fingers and toes
Note that hair is a keratinized cell,meaning it has a tough, horny consistency.
Where are the hair follicles located?
How quickly do nails grow?
What would happen if a nail is lost in an accident? Would it grow back?
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9. Combining Forms for the Integumentary System
cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o
hidr/o
kerat/o
onych/o, ungu/o
seb/o
trich/o
Review the meaning and use of combining forms.
Present the meaning of combining forms for the integumentary system and give examples of how they may be used.
Note there are three combining forms for “skin,” and they are used in different ways, depending on the context of the term.
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10. Cross Section of the Skin
Use this slide to guide students in completing Exercise Figure A, textbook p. 92.
How do combining forms change for different layers of the skin?
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11. Combining Forms Commonly Used with Integumentary System Terms
aut/o
bi/o
coni/o
crypt/o
heter/o
myc/o
necr/o
pachy/o
rhytid/o
staphyl/o
strept/o
xer/o
What is the combining form for “dust,” and how might it be used in terminology?
What is the combining form for “fungus,” and how might it be used in terminology?
Ask students to describe the differences between staphyl/o and strept/o.
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12. Prefixes epi- intra- para- per- sub- trans-
Review the meaning and use of prefixes.
Present the meaning of prefixes for the integumentary system and give examples of how they may be used.
Which prefix means “beside,” “beyond,” or “around”?
Which prefix means “under” or “below”?
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13. Suffixes -a -opsy -coccus -phagia -ectomy -plasty -ia -rrhea -itis
-malacia
-opsy
-phagia
-plasty
-rrhea
-tome
Review the meaning and use of suffixes.
Present the meaning of suffixes for the integumentary system and give examples of how they may be used.
What is the suffix for “excision” or “surgical removal”?
What is the suffix for “surgical repair”?
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14. Clicker Question Which of the following means “eating or swallowing”?
pachy/o
-phagia
-plasty
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15. Disease and Disorder Terms Built From Word Parts
dermatitis
dermatoconiosis
dermatofibroma
hidradenitis
leiodermia
oncychocryptosis
onychomalacia
onychomycosis
onychophagia
pachyderma
paronychia
seborrhea
trichomycosis
xeroderma
Present the disease and disorder terms built from word parts and their meanings.
Discuss how word parts form these terms and how to use the meaning of the word parts to define the meaning of the terms.
Hypnotherapy, used in complementary alternative medicine (CAM) is sometimes used to decrease the stress associated with exacerbating dermatitis and eczema.
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16. Note hidradenitis paronychia
The combining vowel is dropped in hydradenitis because the second combining form begins with a vowel.
The “a” from para is dropped in the term paronychia because the final vowel in a prefix may be dropped when the word to which it is added begins with a vowel.
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17. The -a Ending
The -a ending in the terms “pachyderma,” “xeroderma,” “erythroderma,” “leukoderma,” and “xanthoderma” is a noun suffix and has no meaning
Discuss this concept with the students and have them come up with other terms ending in “-a.”
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18. Analyze and Define WR /CV/ WR / S onych/o/myc/osis abnormal condition
CF / of fungus in the nail
dermatoconiosis
hydradenitis
dermatitis
Use this slide to guide students in completing Exercise 11, textbook p. 100.
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19. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built From Word Parts
abrasion
abscess
acne
actinic keratosis
albinism
basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
candidiasis
carbuncle
cellulitis
contusion
eczema
fissure
furuncle
gangrene
Present disease and disorder terms not built from word parts and their meanings.
Discuss how they differ from terms built from word parts and why it is necessary to memorize them. Note some terms may contain word parts and knowing the meaning may be helpful in arriving at the definition, but the full meaning cannot be derived.
Abscess is derived from the Latin ab, meaning “from” and cedo, meaning “to go.”
Why would these terms combine to form the term abscess?
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20. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built From Word Parts (cont’d.)
herpes
impetigo
Kaposi sarcoma
laceration
lesion
pediculosis
psoriasis
rosacea
scabies
scleroderma
shingles
squamous cell carcinoma (SqCCA)
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
tinea
urticaria
Herpes zoster is also called shingles.
Herpes simplex causes fever blisters.
Kaposi sarcoma is frequently associated with HIV/AIDS.
What can cause a laceration?
What is a lesion? What symptoms describe a lesion?
What is psoriasis and why would it affect a person’s social life?
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21. Common Skin Disorders Discuss different types of tinea.
What might cause tinea?
Shingles are also called herpes zoster.
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22. Common Skin Disorders (cont’d.)
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23. Common Skin Disorders (cont’d.)
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24. Cancers of the Skin Squamous cell carcinoma Melanoma Actinic keratosis
What can cause the three types of skin cancer?
Of these three, which is the most common form of skin cancer?
Actinic keratosis
Basal cell carcinoma
Kaposi sarcoma
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25. Clicker Question Shingles is also called tinea herpes zoster impetigo
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26. Chapter 4
Lesson 4.2
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27. Objectives
Define, pronounce and spell surgical terms related to the integumentary system.
Define, pronounce and spell complementary terms related to the integumentary system.
Interpret the meaning of abbreviations related to the integumentary system.
Interpret, read and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements and documents.
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28. Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
biopsy
dermatoautoplasty
dermatoheteroplasty
dermatoplasty
dermatome
onychectomy
rhytidectomy
rhytidoplasty
Present the surgical terms built from word parts and their meanings.
Discuss how word parts form these terms and how to use the meaning of the word parts to define the meaning of the terms.
Why is “view of life” an appropriate definition for biopsy?
What is the common term for rhytidectomy?
In dermatome, one “t” is dropped because when combining word parts results in double consonants, one consonant is sometimes dropped.
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29. Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts
cauterization
cryosurgery
debridement
dermabrasion
excision
incision
incision and drainage (I&D)
laser surgery
Mohs surgery
suturing
Present surgical terms not built from word parts and their meanings.
Discuss how they differ from terms built from word parts and why it is necessary to memorize them. Note some terms may contain word parts and knowing the meaning may be helpful in arriving at the definition, but the full meaning cannot be derived.
Mohs surgery is a commonly used technique to remove skin tumors without damaging the surrounding skin.
Mohs surgery involves removing layers of the affected skin, examining the skin for tumors, and repeating the surgery until no more tumors are found.
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30. Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts
dermatologist
dermatology (derm)
epidermal
erythroderma
hypodermic
intradermal (ID)
keratogenic
leukoderma
necrosis
percutaneous
staphylococcus (staph)
(pl. staphylococci)
streptococcus (strep)
(pl. streptococci)
subcutaneous (subcut)
transdermal (TD)
ungual
xanthoderma
Present the complementary terms built from word parts and their meanings.
Discuss how word parts form these terms and how to use the meaning of the word parts to define the meaning of the terms.
What does a dermatologist specialize in?
What are the different shapes of the staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria?
What does ungual refer to?
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31. streptococci Note the grapelike cluster appearance of the bacteria.
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32. What word is formed from the word parts listed on the slide?
Note the twisted chain appearance of the bacteria.
staphylococcus
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33. Routes of Administration
1. Intradermal
3. Transdermal
2. Subcutaneous, hypodermic
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34. Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts
adipose
allergy
alopecia
bacteria
cicatrix
cyst
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
diaphoresis
ecchymosis
edema
emollient
erythema
fungus
induration
Present complementary terms not built from word parts and their meanings.
Discuss how they differ from terms built from word parts and why it is necessary to memorize them.
Note some terms may contain word parts and knowing the meaning may be helpful in arriving at the definition, but the full meaning cannot be derived.
Adipose contains the Latin word root adip meaning “fat.” Lip is the Greek word for fat.
What would be symptoms of the integumentary system for a person suffering from an allergy?
Diaphoresis is derived from the Greek dia meaning “through” and phoreo meaning “I carry.”
How would these word roots come to describe diaphoresis?
What does eryth mean in the term erythema?
What common symptom might be seen in a patient suffering from edema?
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35. Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)
jaundice
keloid
leukoplakia
macule
nevus (pL nevi)
nodule
pallor
papule
petechia (pl. petechiae)
pressure ulcer (decub)
pruritus
purpura
pustule
ulcer
verruca
vesicle
virus
wheal
What color would a person’s skin be who is suffering from jaundice?
Compare and contrast bacteria, fungus, and virus.
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36. Burn Keloid What is a keloid? What would cause a keloid to develop?
Have the class discuss the various degrees of burns and what each might do to the integumentary system.
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37. Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer What might cause a pressure ulcer?
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38. Clicker Question The term which means profuse sweating is ecchymosis
emollient
diaphoresis
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39. Abbreviations BCC bx CMV decub derm I & D I D SLE SqCCA staph strep
subcut TD
What does BCC stand for?
What does subcut stand for?
What is the abbreviation for biopsy?
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40. Read Medical Terms In Use
Emily visited the dermatology clinic because of pruritus secondary to dermatitis involving her scalp, arms, and legs. A diagnosis of psoriasis was made. Eczema, scabies, and tinea were considered in the differential diagnosis. An emollient cream was prescribed. In addition the patient showed the dermatologist the tender, discolored, thickened nall of her right great toe. Emily learned she had onychomycosis, for which she was given an additional prescription for an oral antifungal drug.
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