1. Lecture 7b: Hazardous waste
BIO410- Ecology and Environmental Engineering
FALL 2016
By Jasmin Šutković
28th Nov. 2016
Lecture 7b: Hazardous waste

2. Outline Hazardous waste Magnitude of the problem Waste processing
Book Chapter 15– follow the subtitles in this presentations
while reading the book.
Hazardous waste
Magnitude of the problem
Waste processing
Recovery alternatives
Hazardous waste management facilities

3. Hazardous waste
Simply defined, a hazardous waste is a waste with properties that make it dangerous or capable of having a harmful effect on human health or the environment.
Hazardous waste is generated from many sources, ranging from industrial manufacturing process wastes to batteries and may come in many forms, including liquids, solids gases, and sludges.

5. Regulations
USA-Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Laws and RegulationS
EUROPE- EU Waste Legislation
BIH - Law on Waste Management (RS BiH and FBiH -2009)

7. According the RCRA, the hazardous waste is defined by the degree of instability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity.
This definition includes acids, toxic chemicals, explosives, and other harmful or potentially harmful waste.

8. Hazardous wastes are wastes that can cause substantial threats to our health and the environment. And we produce a lot of it - more than 400 million tons each year.
Radioactive wastes will not be mentioned in this lecture but the next one.

10. WASTE PROCESSING AND HANDLING
Chemical Stabilization-Fixation
Waste is moved onto land for solidification to occur (as waste sludge – mixture of waste), to separate waste, for exp: heavy metals. Stabilizing material is added into the chemical mix so the chemicals are becoming solid.
Volume Reduction
Done via Incineration, which is a  waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials
Waste Segregation
Before final disposal, waste is separated according the chemical and type characteristics.

11. Detoxification Degradation Encapsulation
Done by: Neutralization, ion exchange, incineration, pyrolysis, aerated lagoons and waste stabilization ponds.
Degradation
A form of chemical detoxification via hydrolysis and dechlorination or by natural soil microorganisms
Encapsulation
Immobilizing of chemicals into a solid block within a plastic or steal drum.
Pyro = heat. Lysis = break down. Plastic Pyrolysis is chemical reaction. This reaction involves molecular breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules in presence of heat. Pyrolysis is also known as thermal cracking, cracking, thermolysis, depolymerization, etc.
Aeration (also called aerification) is the process by which air is circulated through, mixed with or dissolved in a liquid or substance. An aerated lagoon or aerated basin is a holding and/or treatment pond provided with artificial aeration to promote the biological oxidation of wastewaters.
Waste or Wastewater Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) are large, man-made water bodies in which blackwater, greywater or faecal sludge are treated by natural occurring processes and the influence of solar light, wind, microorganisms and algae

13. Medicinal waste

14. PROJECT
Principles and Practice of Waste Encapsulation
Any volunteer ?

15. Handling and transport
Special care must be taken during handling
Educated and certificated personal can manage handling
SPECIAL packaging must be provided
Notes and labels must be noted on the chemical waste

16. Incineration TOPIC FOR PROJECT Waste to energy = Incineration
Next volunteer?