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Prediction and prevention of allergic rhinitis: A birth cohort study of 20 years
Linus B. Grabenhenrich, MD, MPH, Thomas Keil, MD, MSc, Andreas Reich, Hannah Gough, John Beschorner, MD, Ute Hoffmann, MD, Carl-Peter Bauer, MD, Johannes Forster, MD, Antje Schuster, MD, Dirk Schramm, MD, Oliver Nitsche, MD, Fred Zepp, MD, Young-Ae Lee, MD, Renate Bergmann, MD, Karl Bergmann, MD, Ulrich Wahn, MD, Susanne Lau, MD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 136, Issue 4, Pages e12 (October 2015) DOI: /j.jaci Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig 1 Prevalence of current (last 12 months) rhinitis symptoms pointwise, by age/assessment. Absolute numbers of cases are shown above bars (95% CIs). Colored lines indicate fractions with specific additional features based on questionnaire items. Asthma comorbidity was defined as 2 of the following: current asthma symptoms, current asthma drug use, or a previous history of physician's diagnosis. The table shows frequencies at age 20 years. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig 2 Prevalence of any aeroallergen-specific IgE at 0.35 kU/L or greater, by age. Absolute number of cases are shown above bars (95% CIs). Colored lines indicate allergen-specific prevalence. The table shows frequencies at age 20 years, with ImmunoCAP allergen codes shown in parentheses. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig 3 Correlation of specific IgE levels against food (upper half) and airborne (lower half) allergens at age 20 years. The Pearson correlation coefficient after log transformation of IgE levels is shown. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig 4 Monthly distribution of rhinitis symptoms at age 20 years by group of aeroallergen sensitization. Radial coordinates are scaled to make all areas correspond to equal proportions/number of participants. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig 5 Influence of socioeconomic factors, heredity, pregnancy, and birth on development of AR. Raw hazard ratios (circles) and aHRs (filled circles and error bars) for AR (red, main outcome), nonallergic rhinitis (yellow), and AR plus asthma (blue) are shown. Exact numbers at right are for the main outcome of AR. Details on model building, including adjustment and proportionality assessment, are shown in Table E1. APGAR, Postnatal adaptation score; BMI, body mass index. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig 6 Influence of environmental and behavioral factors during the first 3 years of life on development of AR. Raw hazard ratios (circles) and aHRs (filled circles and error bars) for AR (red, main outcome), nonallergic rhinitis (yellow), and AR plus asthma (blue) are shown. Exact numbers at right are for the main outcome of AR. Details on model building, including adjustment and proportionality assessment, are shown in Table E1. Note that there were no cases of nonallergic rhinitis for early food allergen and aeroallergen sensitization. BMI, Body mass index; MMR, measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine; SDS, SD score; TBE, tick-borne encephalitis vaccine. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig E1 Number of participants reaching case definition until age 20 years. Circled areas correspond to actual proportions/numbers. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig E2 Incident cases by age in strata of case definition criteria. Age at onset was defined as the midpoint between the follow-up at which case definition was reached and the previous follow-up. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig E3 Observed time intervals at risk of AR from 2 to 20 years (end of observation) by study center. First onset of disease only is indicated as red circles. Twenty percent random draw of the recruited study population is shown. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig E4 Incidence of AR by parent's AR. The Cox proportional hazard model (colored lines and 95% CI bands) was used. Real data (gray lines) and log of cumulative hazard assessing proportionality assumption, equal distance of curves (dashed lines), are shown. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig E5 Incidence of AR by sex of child. The Cox proportional hazard model (colored lines and 95% CI bands) was used. Real data (gray lines) and log of cumulative hazard assessing proportionality assumption, equal distance of curves (dashed lines), are shown. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig E6 Incidence of AR by early food sensitization. The Cox proportional hazard model (colored lines and 95% CI bands) was used. Real data (gray lines) and log of cumulative hazard assessing proportionality assumption, equal distance of curves (dashed lines), are shown. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig E7 Incident cases by age in strata of case definition criteria, with further secondary outcomes used only for sensitivity analysis. Age at onset was defined as the midpoint between the follow-up at which case definition was reached and the previous follow-up. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig E8 Influence of socioeconomic factors, heredity, pregnancy, and birth on development of AR. Raw hazard ratios (circles) and aHRs (filled circles and error bars) are shown for rhinitis symptoms, seasonal rhinitis and physician-diagnosed AR. For details, see the legends for Figs 5 and 6. APGAR, Postnatal adaptation score; BMI, body mass index. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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Fig E9 Influence of environmental and behavioral factors during the first 3 years of life on development of AR. Raw hazard ratios (circles) and aHRs (filled circles and error bars) for rhinitis symptoms, seasonal rhinitis, and physician-diagnosed AR are shown. For details, see the legends for Figs 5 and 6. BMI, Body mass index; MMR, measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine; SDS, SD score; TBE, tick-borne encephalitis vaccine. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , e12DOI: ( /j.jaci ) Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions
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