1. Foreign Invaders of the Middle East
Imperial Map

3. Foreign Invaders
By the year 900 CE the great Arab empire created after Muhammad’s death was broken and fractured.
These kingdoms continued to develop as centers of Islamic civilization.
Beginning around 1000 CE waves of nomads began to overrun the Middle East in search of good, fertile land.

4. Closure: Describe changes brought by each group.
Objective: to identify the changes that foreign invaders brought to the Middle East
Procedure: Using textbook pages create a WEB.
Central Idea: Foreign Invaders of the Middle East ( )
(be sure to include addition details along with effects)
Seljuks
Mongols
Foreign Invaders
of the
Middle East
( )
effects
effects
Crusaders
Closure: Describe changes
brought by each group.
effects

5. Challenges to Islam The Seljuk Turks
Seljuk was the chieftain of a group of Turkish tribes
These tribes were originally from the steppes of central Asia – Turkish Speaking
In the late 10th century, they migrated into modern day Iran, Afghanistan, and Iraq, and converted to Islam

6. Seljuks Converted to Islam before the invasion
In 1055, the Seljuk Turks, under their leader Mas’ud, conquer Baghdad, and establish control over the Abbasid Dynasty
Caliph remained as a figure head
Captured Anatolia Plateau (Turkey) from Byzantine Empire
At the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, they deal a serious blow to the Byzantine Empire
½ of the old Roman Empire
conquered by Mongols in 1244

7. Long –Term Effects of Seljuks
Weakened Byzantine Empire
Frightened Christian rulers of Europe

8. The Mongols The Mongols were from central Asia
Under their great leader Genghis Khan, they would eventually control the largest continuous empire in history
Genghis Kahn – The Story of All of Us 4:00

9. The Mongols
Extent of Mongol Empire

10. The Mongols Were very effective cavalry
Left a path of death and destruction in their wake

11. The Mongols "The Advantage of Bow and Horse"
The Mongols prized their horses primarily for the advantages they offered in warfare.
developed a composite bow made out of sinew and horn and were skilled at shooting it while riding, which gave them the upper hand against ordinary foot soldiers.
With a range of more than 350 yards, the bow was superior to the contemporaneous English longbow, whose range was only 250 yards.
A wood-and-leather saddle, which was rubbed with sheep's fat to prevent cracking and shrinkage, allowed the horses to bear the weight of their riders for long periods and also permitted the riders to retain a firm seat.

12. Mongols Horse riding people of Central Asia
Looted, destroyed & killed millions over 100 year period
Killed last Abbasid Caliph
Genghis is alleged to have said:  "The greatest joy a man can know is to conquer his enemies and drive them before him. To ride their horses and take away their possessions. To see the faces of those who were dear to them in tears, and to clasp their wives and daughters in his arms" 
Hulagu
Grandson of Genghis Kahn
Captured Baghdad from Seljuks

13. Mongol Horsemen
In 1258, Hulagu, a grandson of the great Genghis Khan, led a huge Mongol army to invade the Abbasid Empire.
The caliph of Baghdad believed that his forces could withstand a siege.
He was wrong…
Painting of Hulagu Khan by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, early 14th century.

14. Mongol Horsemen
The city of Baghdad fell to the Mongols, and was destroyed
80,000 people were put to the sword
The Caliph was wrapped in carpet and ridden over by hundreds of horses
Mongols From Empire of Faith 4:00
Sack of Baghdad Video 1:51

15. Long-Term Effects of Mongols
Mongols Crash Course
Reminder to Self – Mongols also in South Asia
Absorbed into cultures of Middle East - Islam
Linked trade to China, India and Middle East
Controlled trade routes

16. Roots of Crusades 3:15 good Discovery Channel DVD Crusades
The Crusaders
Roots of Crusades 3:15 good Discovery Channel DVD Crusades

17. Crusaders
The Byzantines pressured all of Christendom to strike back against the Seljuk Turks
Motives:
reunify the Church & increase power of Roman Catholic Church
1st Crusades: Pope Urban II
First Crusades 2:57
Military expeditions
Goal to capture Palestine
took Jerusalem 1099 Fall of Video
Helped Byzantine recover Anatolia
Christian Kingdom stretches to the Mediterranean Coast - Origins of the Knights Templar Video
Saladin drove Crusaders from Jerusalem 1187
Saladin History Channel Video

18. 10:48 Saladin

19. Saladin
Salah-al-Din, or Saladin, united the Muslim world in the late 1100s CE.
Saladin was God-fearing, courteous, and generous to friends and enemies.
He united Muslims from Syria and Egypt, surrounded the crusader kingdoms, and forced the crusaders to retreat.
He eventually recaptured the city of Jerusalem from the crusaders in 1187 CE.
Origins of the Knights Templar Video

20. Effects of the Crusades
Crusader Kingdoms in Middle East lasted less than 200 years
Increased trade across the Mediterranean Sea
All land recaptured by Muslims
Limited change to Middle East – Effects Video 3:00
Effects in Europe – wealth, trade. Knowledge from ME
New products: silk, spice, sugar
Advances in technology: paper, compass
Quickened change in Europe

21. Closure: Changes brought by each group: Seljuks Mongols Crusaders
Weakened Byzantine empire
Mongols
Strengthen trade between Asia, India and Middle East
Crusaders
Increased European interest in Asia
Increased knowledge/trade/new products from ME