1. What is a
food chain?
Food Chain - a hierarchical series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food.

2. A hierarchical series of organisms, each dependent on the next as a source of food.
Food Chain - a hierarchical series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food.

3. Food Chain
How does the plant get its energy? – Photosynthesis. How does the hawk add to the plant’s energy? – Poop. Describe Producers, Consumers, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Omnivores, Herbivores

4. Food Chain
Food Chain - a hierarchical series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food.

5. What is a food web?
Food Web: a system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.

6. A system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.
Food Web: a system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.

7. Food
Web
Somebody explain this diagram of a food web. What’s happening here? Describe the processes. Where would you find this food web?

8. Producer:
Organism
1st level of food chain
Plant or bacterium

9. Primary Consumer:
Herbivores
Feed on green plants

10. Hee

11. Secondary Consumer:
Carnivores
Omnivores
Eat primary consumers

12. Tertiary Consumer:
Carnivores
Feeds on other carnivores
Eats secondary consumers

13. Decomposer:
Soil bacteria, fungi, snails, worms, insects…
Invertebrate
Decomposes organic material

14. Hee

15. Worm Farming “Vermiculture”
Red Wigglers
Castings
Worm Tea
Fertilizer

16. Scavenger:
Coyotes, hyenas, vultures, raccoons…
Feeds on carrion, dead plant material or refuse
Waste is further decomposed

17. Ocean
Food
Web
What is the producer? (Algae) Which organisms directly feed on the producer? (Herring, Adelie Penguin, Krill, Small Animals, One-celled Organisms, Cod) Which organism is on top of this food chain? (Killer Whale) What organism could you add to this food web that would replace the apical consumer? (Humans) How many types of food does the Leopard Seal consume? (Cod, Adelie Penguin, Crabeater Seal, Elephant Seal, Squid) Which consumers have only one food source? (Crabeater Seal, Elephant Seal, Small Animals, One-celled Organisms) Which two organisms are both a food source and a consumer for each other? (Cod, Squid) What is the only predator of the Leopard Seal? (Killer Whale) Which consumers have the most food sources? (Killer Whale, Leopard Seal, Cod) Identify a few food chains within this food web. (Algae – Krill – Cod – Leopard Seal – Killer Whale; Algae – Herring – Cod – Squid – Elephant Seal – Killer Whale; Algae – Adelie Penguin – Killer Whale) What’s the longest food chain you can identify? (Algae – Krill – Herring – Cod – Squid – Cod – Leopard Seal – Elephant Seal – Killer Whale) What’s the shortest food chain you can identify? (Algae – Krill – Crabeater Seal – Killer Whale) Might there be other consumers in this food web? (Crabeater seals only eat Krill, Polar Bears – scavengers – whale carcasses)

18. Great Salt Lake Food Web
Can you pick out the producers? Primary consumers? Secondary consumers? Tertiary consumers? [Show on whiteboard and have students use dry erase markers to draw arrows between the organisms.]

19. Food webs are not linear. Who eats salt grass. Pickleweed. Brine flies
Food webs are not linear. Who eats salt grass? Pickleweed? Brine flies? Grasshoppers?

20. Food Webs: Activity

21. Ecosystem Video and Analysis

22. Falconry

23. How much energy is used in every level of a food chain?
retained
10%; 90%

24. How much energy is passed in every level of a food chain?
retained
10%; 90%

25. Energy decreases as you move up the energy pyramid – by 90%!

26. Which trophic level has the most organisms? – bottom.

27. Food Chains, Energy Pyramids, Biodiversity -
Amoeba Sisters Video

28. Grazing
Snails, grasshoppers, geese, rodents, kangaroos, and hoofed mammals
Little or no resistance to being eaten
Biomass quickly replaced
Nutrient poor – must consume large quantities
Vulnerable to attack while eating
Theories of feeding are concerned with such issues as food choice, prey switching, sensory mechanisms for recognizing and locating food, optimal search strategies, overcoming the defenses of food organisms, and how to compromise between finding food and not carelessly falling prey to some other hunter.

29. Browsing Trees, shrubs, algae, aquatic plants, corals.
Caterpillars, tortoises, grouse, giraffes, goats, deer, pandas, koalas, monkeys, sea slugs, sea urchins, ducks, manatees
Less abundant than grass
Solitary and secretive
How do they get food? How do they conserve energy?

30. Nectar, Fruit, Pollen, Seeds
Birds, monkeys, fruit bats, bears, elephants, humans
Higher energy content
Less abundant

31. Burrowing
Bark beetles, leaf miners, wood-boring termites, clams, shipworms
Eating a tunnel as they go
Benefit of being surrounded by food
Less exposed to predators

32. Filter Feeding Aquatic habitats, especially the ocean
Barnacles, oysters, tunicates, herring, sharks, whales, manta rays, flamingoes
Strain out brine shrimp, aquatic insects, and plankton
More common in the ocean

33. Predation Depend on killing other animals
Packs (wolves), ambush (lions), stalkers (cats), lures (snapping turtles), camouflage (praying mantids), snares (spiders)
Higher energy needs and higher energy expenditure

34. Scavenging Organic refuse – manure, leaf litter, dead animals
Dung beetles, flies, leaf litter, snails, millipedes, earthworms, blowflies, hyenas, storks, vultures

35. Symbiosis Close relationship with another animal
Mutualism – Commensalism – Parasitism
Often both food and shelter

36. What is a: Producer? Primary Consumer? Secondary Consumer?
Tertiary Consumer?
Decomposer?
Scavenger?
Herbivore?
Carnivore?
Omnivore?
Use phones, books, iPads, etc.

37. Why do animals behave the way they do?
A cat chases a mouse to catch it – play, eat. Energy to move around. Energy for entertainment/living/fun. Energy to stay alive. Energy allows all the processes in the cell to occur.
Energy Balance =
expended vs. gained

38. If the spider uses 100 kcal to build her web . . .
. . . how many insects does she need to catch before it’s worth it to build the web? (more than 5 – web, plus other activities)
And each insect gives her an average of 20 kcal . . .

39. Hummingbirds use energy to hover.
When is it not worth it?

40. . . . will a coyote chase a rabbit?
How long . . .
. . . will a coyote chase a rabbit?

41. Balances energy expenditure with energy input.
Hibernation
Metabolism is carefully regulated – it slows down, even body temperature drops. Plentiful food – eat in excess to store energy for long periods of inactivity.
Balances energy expenditure with energy input.

42. Imagine you had to run for an hour to get a candy bar.
Probably not. You’d use more energy running than the candy bar would provide. What if all you had to do was walk around the block?
Would you do it?

43. Energy Used
vs.
Energy
Gained
Let’s
Get
Active!

44. Do you burn more or less calories than you eat in a day?
Calorie Intake and Use Handout/Homework
How do you know?

46. 27% - China
17% - USA
5% - Russia
5% - India
4% - Japan

47. Hee

48. Yum,
Crickets!
Many people are touting crickets as the new and best protein source.

49. Cricket Flour. Made into protein bars, etc.

50. Toasted, chili-lime, salted grasshoppers
4 oz. - $4

51. Crickets as an Alternative Protein Source
Ted Talk -
Crickets as an Alternative Protein Source

52. Wanna
Try
Some?
Chapul energy bars.