1. Enlightenment & Revolutions Unit
Napoleon
Enlightenment & Revolutions Unit

2. Essential Question
What events caused the rise and fall of Napoleon?

3. Crash Course

4. Key Vocabulary
Napoleon- The military genius who became ruler of France.
Napoleonic Code- A system of laws for France created by Napoleon that promoted order & authority over individual rights.

5. Warm Up
What governments were adopted by France during the French Revolution?

6. Military Hero Born on the island of Corsica Family were minor nobles
When he was 20 years old, he became a lieutenant in the army
Military successes
1793, drove British forces out of the Port of Toulon
Led expedition to Egypt
Disaster
However, important discovery made- Rosetta Stone

7. Napoleon Overthrows the Directory
1799, Directory is corrupt and a failure
Napoleon sets up 3 man governing board, The Consulate
New Constitution is created
Napoleon names himself 1st Consul
1802 becomes consul for life
1804 he became so powerful he declared himself emperor

8. Each step in his rise to power was legitimate
Napoleon held plebiscites
Ballots which voters say yes or no on an issue
He was always strongly supported!

9. Assessment Prompt 1
How does Napoleon overthrow the Directory?

10. Napoleon’s Rule Stability and Order
Regulated the economy, controlled prices, encouraged new industry, built roads
Public schools
Concordat of 1801
Made peace with Roman Catholic Church
Allows religious freedom but Church still under state control
Encouraged emigres to return to France
Allowed peasants to retain land purchased from Church and nobles during Revolution

11. Napoleonic Code New Law Code Embodied Enlightenment principles
Equality before the law
Religious toleration
Advancement based on merit
He also undid reforms of the Revolution
Women lost many of the rights they gained
Considered minors before the law

12. Creation of the Grand Empire
Annexed the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Germany
He placed friends and relatives on the thrones of Europe
Placed his brother on the throne of Spain
Divorced his wife to marry a Hapsburg princess
Allowed him to claim kinship to the ancient ruling families of Europe

13. Assessment Prompt 2
What contributions did Napoleon implement for France?
Were all of these changes positive? Why
How did Napoleon create the Grand Empire?

14. France versus Britain Britain was their main enemy
Napoleon wanted to invade England
1805, French fleet was destroyed at the Battle of Trafalgar
Napoleon instead wages an economic war through the Continental System
Closed European ports to British goods
Britain responds with blockade of European ports
Failed to destroy Britain and hurts French economy

15. Peninsular War 1808-1814 Portugal defies Continental System
Napoleon takes his army through Spain and removes the Spanish King in favor of his brother Joseph
Spanish Guerilla fighters cause massive French losses- 300,000

16. Downfall of Napoleon Tsar Alexander I resigns from Continental system
Napoleon responds by invading with 600,000 soldiers from France and other European countries
Disaster

17. Assessment Prompt 3 How did Napoleon go after Britain?
What is the Continental System?

18. To avoid Napoleon’s army, Russia retreats east and used “Scorched Earth Policy”
Burned villages and crops as they went
Policy left Napoleon’s army hungry and cold
Famine, snow and ice defeat Napoleon

19. Napoleon retreats
Less than 100,000 of 600,000 survived
Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia defeat Napoleon
Napoleon’s reputation is shattered
Napoleon is forced to abdicate his thrown
He is exiled to the island of Elba
Louis XVIII, brother of Louis XVI, is made King

20. Napoleon Returns Napoleon escapes from Elba and returns to France
Louis XVIII runs away
March 1815 Napoleon becomes Emperor

21. Waterloo Defeated after only 100 days
Duke of Wellington crushes the French in the Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon is exiled once again, this time to St. Helena, never to return

22. Congress of Vienna September 1814-June 1815 Important players:
Prince Metternich of Austria
Czar Alexander I of Russia
Lord Castlereagh of Britain

23. Goals of Vienna Create a long lasting Peace
Restore the balance of Power to Europe
Restore the ruling families that were in power before French Revolution
No one nation should be strong enough the threaten the security of the other

24. Activity
Create a timeline of the events that caused the rise and fall of Napoleon.
Your timeline must include a short description of the significance of each event.

25. Journal
Answer the EQ: What events caused the rise and fall of Napoleon
Consider the following: What were three blunders that led to Napoleon’s downfall?
How was Russia able to defeat Napoleon?
What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna?