1. Bell Work
1) What type of thinker are you based on the test from yesterday?
2) What do you think this means about you?

2. Today’s topics How the brain cells communicate
The regions of our brain and how it impacts how we behave

3. Is the right foot connected to the Brain
  Can you outsmart your foot. 
While sitting, lift your right foot off the floor and make clockwise circles.  
2. Now, while doing this, draw the number '6' in the air with your right hand.
WHAT HAPPENED???
Your foot will change direction.  
It's pre-programmed in your brain!  

4. Intro to the Nervous System and the Brain
The brain and the nervous system controls all actions of the body
Nervous system: Processes information from the outside environment to the body
A massive highway of information
Each piece of information is carried by neurotransmitters

5. Everyone STAND UP and get into 2 lines
We are going to pass a touch under a time…
Each of you are part of a team.
1st: pass the touch using our feet
2nd: pass the touch using our hands by hips
3rd: pass the touch hands on shoulders
By the end of this activity you will make a prediction about our nervous system
Our massive hwy is our spinal cord  the closer to our head the fast we get the information

6. Two hemispheres: Our brain has two hemispheres that communicate
through nerve fibers
Right: Controls left side of body, identifies patterns, imagination, artistic
Left: Controls right side of body, language and speech, plans the day, stays on time…
What are you… lets find out!
I will be reading questions and you will write down answers…

7. Finally… The Four Functional Lobes
Frontal Lobe: motor, creativity, emotions
Temporal Lobe: hearing music, understanding speech, memory
Parietal Lobe: Body senses, pressure, pain, temperature
Occipital Lobe: Vision
Lets look at the handout to see where these are…
Phineas Gage: was working at a railroad where an explosion happened. A metal bar went through the front of his head. He survived but was changed forever. What do you think changed? Had to learn language all over again and emotionally he wasn’t as nice as he was before now he was short tempered and mean.

8. SUPER TIME
You will pick a part of the brain and create a superhero with those certain characteristics.
It is only a 1 page comic and the name and super powers of your superhero.

9. BELLWORK
1) Read the article “teen brains need time to be fully developed” and answer the following questions:
What happened in the article?
Do you agree or disagree with the article why or why not?

10. Review of Yesterdays info…
What passes information to our brain?
What is the difference between right and left brain?
What are the 4 lobes?

11. Today’s Questions What is learning? How do you learn?
Ivan Pavlov and his dogs

12. Learning What do you think is a definition for learning?
Learning is a partially permanent change in behavior resulting from practice or experience.

13. Ivan Pavlov and Classic Conditioning
Learning is a process of association of a stimulus and response
Types of responses:
Unconditioned response (UCR) no training…your body does it (sweat)
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)object that causes the response (heat)
Conditioned response (CR): involuntary response
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) The trigger to the response

14. What are some examples
of you being trained?

15. Little Albert Experiment
Read aloud the Little Albert experiment…
Should these studies be allowed on people?
What can it tell us about learning?

16. Operant Conditioning
A behavior is learned in connection with a reward or punishment
Thorndike: Trial-and-Error Learning… you do something more than once but stop trying what doesn’t work
Skinners Research: Voluntary reaction…he used reinforcement to prove why people behaved certain ways (award/punishment)
Conclusions:
Any response that is followed by a reinforcing stimulus tends to be repeated

17. Looking at the responses what type of learning is it?
You hear the bell ring at school so you begin to pack up.
You hear the bell but got detention for leaving before the teacher said so you waited until you were instructed to leave.
You are partying out at Yokes and decide to leave so you don’t get grounded.
** Now with a partner next to you come up with one of your own. I want to hear them

18. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLASSIC AND OPERANT CONDITIONING?
Exit Slip
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLASSIC AND OPERANT CONDITIONING?

19. BellWork 1) What is classic conditioning? What is an example of this?
2) Explain a time when you saw something and learned from it. (could be good or bad)

20. Today’s topics Operant Conditioning Cognitive Learning Theories
Jean Piaget
Social and observational learning

21. Review of Classic Conditioning
Examples:
Little Albert
If you are scared of something what do some people do in order to get over there fear?

22. Operant Conditioning
A behavior is learned in connection with a reward or punishment
Thorndike: Trial-and-Error Learning… over time you don’t do things that you know wont work
Skinners Research: Voluntary reaction…he used reinforcement after a behavior to see if it would be repeated (award/punishment)
Conclusions:
Any response that is followed by a reinforcing stimulus tends to be repeated

23. I need 2 volunteers We are going to play a game.
When you step outside we are going to hide something…
When you come back in you need to find it

24. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLASSIC AND OPERANT CONDITIONING?

25. 3 things that help learning:
What do you think each of these terms has to do with learning?
Meaningfulness:
Words that have personal meaning
Transfer:
Learning things that work all around the world
Chemical Influences:
Caffeine can help but too much hurts causing the loss of learning

26. Cognitive Learning Theories
1. Jean Piaget theory involved Schema: a pattern that is recognized in experience that helps you explain a situation
Example: A child has a dog when they see another animal they will call it dog until they create a new schema… What are some more?
2. Information Processing Approach: Our brain acts like a computer
Sensory input  association (storage, processing) output

27. Social or Observational Learning
Albert Bandura believes you learn from direct experience and vicarious experience
When watching people be aggressive he found that children were learning aggressive behavior

28. WTL Violence in the MEDIA???
Do you think that media violence should be eliminated?
How do you think the Media influences our behaviors today?

29. With a partner…
You will be given one of the learning theories that we covered…
On a plain sheet of paper:
DEFINE THE LEARNING THEORY IN YOUR OWN WORDS
DRAW A PICTURE OR SYMBOL TO REPRESENT THAT LEARNING THEORY

30. BELL WORK
1) Which learning theory do you think makes the most sense in your life?
2) Describe an event in your life when you remember everything that was going on. (such as a football game, or the first time you were kissed)

31. Today’s Topics What is memory 3 types in memory formation
Short term vs. long term memory

32. What is Memory On your notes write a definition of memory.
You will be given a vocabulary worksheet
Fill in the appropriate boxes using the worksheet given
What did we come up with?
Memory: a mental process responsible for encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
Encoding: taking something and being able to process it
Storage: store information that can be accessed later
Retrieval: finding the information where it is stored

33. Stages of memory 3 stages of memory
1) Sensory Memory: uses the 5 senses to get information that is only stored for a brief time.
Why for only a brief time?
The main purpose of our senses is to hold information long enough to be recognized
Depending on your concentration will determine whether your sensory memory can move into LTM

35. Now I out loud try to remember
Boat
Mountain
Football
Gun
Video Games
Pictures
Music videos
Water fall
Baby
Bed
Homework
Candle
Rug
Leaf
Surfboard
Award
Rain
Graduation
Clock

36. How many can you name?
Visually: our memory is constantly scanning for information. Each memory lasts only for a second
Auditory: sounds you hear are retained longer because of the fact it takes longer to process the information and store it

37. Stages of Memory continued…
2) Short-term memory: also known as working memory. What you are aware of at the time. (phone number until you dial)
3) Long-term memory: you can access information for later use. How to ride a bike, memories…

38. Homework Read Critical Thinking “ Can an Eye witness be Trusted?
Answer numbers 1-4 and 6

39. BELL WORK
1) What are the learning theories and give one word descriptions of them.
2) Which do you think is easier to remember visually or auditory? Why do you think it turned out that way?

40. Today’s Topics
Short term vs. Long term in depth

41. Short Term Memory: Encoding: 3 ways people understand
Iconic (pictures)
Acoustic (sound): Used the most
Semantic (meaning)
Time in STM: Unless rehearsed (repeated) or elaborated (connecting it to meaning) it wont stay in STM
Capacity of STM: people can hold 7 pieces of random information.

42. Remember…
How many can you remember…
First: auditory
Second visually: you have 30 seconds…
***One way to improve memory is chunking similar things together

43. Short Term Continued… Storage:
Most information is stored until the behavior is made (what to have for breakfast...)
Most of the things in your STM has already decayed (been forgotten)
Interference is when you are thinking something and you are interrupted and cant remember what you were thinking

44. Long term in depth Four types of LTM:
Implicit memories: Things that you remember but have a hard time putting into words
Procedural memory: skills of knowing how to do something (a recipe)
Explicit Memories: Remembering times for appointments or events from the past
Declarative Memories: memories that can be declared (facts and events)
With a partner come up with an example for each of these memories (5 minutes)

45. Long term continued… Encoding: Capacity:
Acoustic: Remembering a song that you learned as a child
Any examples?
Visual: Imperfect images and maps in our heads about our surroundings
Make a map from memory about the Westside
Capacity:
Your brains storage space is
Endless

46. WTL: Brain and Behavior
When looking at the Memory and the Brain how does this affect our behavior? Use an example of a theory in your own life and how it has affected your behavior at one time or another.
AT LEAST ONE FULL PAGE

47. Bell Work TEST TOMORROW!!!
What are some ways in which we encode things for our short term memory? Long term memory?
TEST TOMORROW!!!

48. Today’s Topics LTM Storage Memory retrieval Forgetting
How to improve your memory

49. Long term storage Storage: Like a network of connections. Animals pets
dog
cat
wild
lion

50. 2 ways to retrieve information
1) Recall: Involves searching for and producing information from memory
Who was your 3rd grade teacher?
Partial recall: aka Tip of the Tongue
***Come up with 5 other questions that would be considered recall.
2) Recognition: just identifying whether or not you’ve encountered something.
Like a multiple choice test…
Who on this list was your teacher?

51. Factors that can affect retrieving information
State Dependence: ability of your mood is part of the memory trace linking the information
If you are in a good mood when studying but are in a bad mood during the test you are less likely to remember it
Context dependence
Relying on the context to understand the meaning
Ex: You recognize someone at the mall but cant figure out where from until they are at the place they always are

52. Reasons for forgetting
Decay
Interference
Amnesia: temporary or permanent loss of memory
Physiological causes: car wreck, brain tumor
Substance abuse: Korsakoff’s syndrome: after a patient stops drinking
Psychogenic causes: our brain represses information that is highly emotional
Reasons for forgetting

53. How to improve your memory
5 ways to improve memory:
1. Principle learning: start simple and progress harder
2.Schemas: everything is connected
3.Mnemonics: Letters or sentence represent facts
(my very elegant mother just set up nine planets order of the planets)
4. Chunking: putting things together
5. repetition

54. STUDY for test tomorrow!!! ANY QUESTIONS???
Parts of the Brain
How information is moved
Areas of the brain (left/right) (4 lobes)
Learning theories
What is learning
Classic vs Operant learning (who and what)
Cognitive learning
Social learning
Memory
What is it
Stages of memory
Short vs long term

55. DO NOW
1) What are 3 of the 4 ways to better your memory? Which do you think works for you?
2) What is an area of strength you have in this unit? Why do you think that way?

56. Review all the main ideas behind Learning and Memory
Today’s Topics
Review all the main ideas behind Learning and Memory

57. REVIEW
You will be making magical paper using the study guide categories
We will be doing the extra credit review later

58. STUDY Parts of the Brain Learning theories Memory
How information is moved
Areas of the brain (left/right) (4 lobes)
Learning theories
What is learning
Classic vs Operant learning (who and what)
Cognitive learning
Social learning
Memory
What is it, why do you forget, how do you better improve your memory
Stages of memory
Short vs long term

59. DO NOW
1) If you were to create a hypothesis about what grade you will get on this quiz what would it be and why?
2) If there is one thing from this unit you want to remember what would it be and why?

60. ANY QUESTIONS???
Study for 5 minutes

61. TEST After test pick an article: Giving Infants a helping hand Or
A baby needs to form a secure attachment to a mother or caring adult…
Answer the questions:
Summary of article
What is attachment?