1. DESCRIBING TRENDS OR MOVEMENTS IN GRAPHS/CHARTS

2. Facebook share price 13 Apr - 9 May 2016 Source: http://marketrealist
Facebook share price 13 Apr - 9 May 2016 Source: NEW:

3. Twitter share price 13 Apr - 9 May 2016 Source: http://marketrealist

4. BBC: ‘Twitter shares plunge on weak earnings’
Source: BBC, 27 April 2016,

5. Such language is widely used in business …
THERE WAS A dramatic rise IN retail sales in the year before.
Britain’s economy grew AT its slowest annual rate for 12 years in the second quarter.
A recent survey has reported the fastest-ever year-on-year sales decline.
Germany’s August sales fell for the third month in a row. (for the third consecutive month)

6. Such language is widely used in business …
A plunge IN sales was recorded in America.
Consumer confidence is declining sharply.
Wal-Mart’s sales increased BY 0.2% TO $76.8 bn in the second quarter.
Tesco’s sales were up 14% TO ₤18.8bn. (sales are up ≠ sales are down)
rising fuel costs / increasing debt (falling...) (decreasing...)

8. Google vs Apple in May 2017

9. TRENDS AND MOVEMENTS upward trend (e.g. increase)
stability (no change) (e.g. be stable)
change of direction (e.g. recover)
downward trend (e.g. fall)
Language:
nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, time adverbials, sentence structure

10. Which NOUNS have verbs in the same form?
increase
rise
growth
decrease
fall
decline
fluctuation
recovery
drop

11. NOUN VERB increase rise growth decrease fall decline drop fluctuation
recovery
increase
rise, rose, risen
grow, grew, grown
decrease
fall, fell, fallen
decline
drop, dropped, dropped
fluctuate
recover

12. PREPOSITIONS Our revenue rose ... $1m ... $2m It increased (...) 100%.
This was an increase %
This was a 100% rise ... our revenue.
Our sales fell ... $120, $60,000m
They decreased (...) 50%
This was a decrease %.
This was a 50% fall ... our sales.
Housing prices are ... last year’s level.

13. PREPOSITIONS Our revenue rose FROM $1m TO $2m It increased (BY) 100%.
This was an increase OF 100%
This was a 100% rise IN our revenue.
Our sales fell FROM $120,000 TO $60,000m
They decreased (BY) 50%
This was a decrease OF 50%.
This was a 50% fall IN our sales.
Housing prices are AT last year’s level.

14. Translate the following:
povećanje cijene od 15%
povećati cijenu za 15%
povisiti cijenu na 23,000
povisiti cijenu za 23,000
Cijena je na $2.3.
An increase in the price of 15%
(A 15% increase in the price)
To increase the price by 15%
To increase the price to 23,000
To increase the price by 23,000
The price is at $2.3.

15. PODRAVKA MAKES HRK21m PROFIT
Podravka, the Koprivnica-based food producer, made a net profit HRK21m. The company’s total income increased per cent reaching HRK2.4bn. This year, its first quarter income went up HRK631m, a rise per cent. Last year, Podravka’s sales grew per cent HRK2.3bn. They were HRK 596.5m in the first quarter of this year, an increase per cent. (HINA, 98)

16. PODRAVKA MAKES HRK21m PROFIT
Podravka, the Koprivnica-based food producer, made a net profit (1)of HRK21m last year. The company’s total income increased (2)by7.1 per cent reaching HRK2.4bn in This year, its first quarter income went up (3)to HRK631m, a rise (4) of 11 per cent. Last year, Podravka’s sales grew (5) by 7.56 per cent (6) to HRK2.3bn. They were (7) at HRK 596.5m in the first quarter of this year, an increase of (8) 12 per cent.
(HINA, 1998)

17. COMMONLY USED VERBS
increase drop
rise grow
fall
decrease

18. VERBS (regular & irregular)
decrease, decreased, decreased increase, increased, increased drop, dropped, dropped rise, rose, risen grow, grew, grown fall, fell, fallen

19. VERBS Attention! Rise vs. Raise vs. Arise
Rise, rose, risen - irreg.v. (intr.: rise + Ø)
The price has already risen. Prices rose yesterday.Prices are rising.
Raise, raised, raised - reg.v. (trans.:raise+object)
They raised the prices. He has raised his voice. Raise your hand!
Arise, arose, arisen (irreg.v.)
Many problems have arisen. A crisis is arising.

20. Attention! Rise vs. Raise vs. Arise
1.A crisis is
2.The price has already
your hand!
4. Prices are
5.They the prices all the time.
6.They managed to much capital.
7.Prices yesterday.
8.Many problems have

21. We have just heard that our sales 1…… dramatically.
Use rise/grow/fall/drop and the necesary prepositions (careful with tenses!):
We have just heard that our sales 1…… dramatically.
Have they ever 2… so much? Yes, they 3…. to €2.5 m in 2007, due to a drop 4…. 25% in our January retail services, but already in April they 5… 6… 50% so we did not have any problems as they 7… 8… as much as €5m.

22. Verbs describing trends (Study the next slide and fill in the chart)
RISE ↗
FALL ↘
NO CHANGE →
CHANGE OF DIRECTION
∩ U
OTHER

23. Verbs to use: Level off Rise Remain constant Hold steady Drop
Reach a high
Climb back
Plunge
Decline
Fluctuate
Reach a low
Recover
Reach a peak/Peak
Go up
Increase
Plummet
Slump
Boom
Escalate
Stabilize
Collapse
Slip back
Soar
Rocket
Crash
Grow
Fall
Bottom out
Pick up
Go down
Decrease
Decline

24. ADVERBS & ADJECTIVES Intensity and speed
↓ ↓
to rise suddenly / a sudden rise in
to drop sharply / a sharp drop in
fall slightly / a slight fall in
to decrease moderately/ a moderate decrease
to decline gradually / a gradual decline
to increase slightly / a slight increase
to recover steadily / a steady recovery in

25. Sales rose suddenly in 2013. VERB + ADVERB
Intensity and speed
Sales rose suddenly in VERB + ADVERB
to rise suddenly / a sudden rise in
? / a sharp drop in
? / a considerable fall
? / a moderate decrease
? / a gradual decline
? / a slight increase
? / a steady recovery
? / a mild growth

26. Intensity and speed (ADJ vs. ADV.)
ADJ.+ NOUN
There was a sudden rise in sales in 2013.
to rise suddenly / a sudden rise (in sales)
to drop sharply / ?
to fall considerably/ ?
to decrease moderately/ ?
to decline gradually / ?
to increase slightly / ?
to recover steadily / ?
To grow mildly/ ?

27. Fill in the missing words:
Our profits (iznenada) fell last year.
A (blagi) rise in our sales was observed in February.
A (nagli) fall in sales took place last month.
Sales have been rising (stabilno) since December.
A (stalni) growth in our profits has attracted investors.

28. Key: Our profits suddenly fell last year.
A mild rise in our sales was observed in February.
A sharp fall in sales took place last month.
Sales have been rising steadily since December.
A steady growth in our profits has attracted investors.

29. There was a dramatic fall in Twitter’s share price in April.
Make sentences to describe the trends of the stock price in the chart (Market Realist).
e.g.
There was a dramatic fall in Twitter’s share price in April.
Twitter’s share price fell dramatically in April.

30. SENTENCE STRUCTURE a) Our sales fell rapidly in 2008.
b) There was a rapid fall in our sales in 2008.
c) A rapid fall in our sales was recorded in 2008.
1.a rapid fall (2008) 2. a steady growth (2013)

31. e.g. a steady growth (2013) a) Our sales grew steadily in 2013.
b) There was a steady growth in our sales in 2013.
c) A steady growth in our sales was recorded in 2013.

32. SENTENCE STRUCTURE a) Our sales fell rapidly in 2008.
b) There was a rapid fall in our sales in 2008.
c) A rapid fall in our sales was recorded in 2008.
1.a rapid fall (2008) 2. a steady growth (2013)
3.an abrupt rise (2004) 4.a gradual decline (2009)
5.a moderate growth (2007)6.a slight increase (2007)
7.a mild drop (2008) 8. a considerable decline (2010)

33. Sentence structure Rephrase the following sentences:
e.g. Retail sales fell in the second quarter. (v.→ n.)
There was a fall in the second quarter retail sales.
A fall was recorded/observed in the second quarter retail sales
Britain’s economy grew slowly in the second quarter.
There was a slow growth in Britain’s economy in the second quarter.
A slow growth was recorded in Britain’s economy in the second quarter.
Shoe imports from China to the EU rose by 300% in the nine months ending in October 2005 compared with the same period 2004.
There was a rise of 300% in shoe imports from China...
A rise of 300% was observed in shoe imports from China...
Cadburry Schweppes reported a 46% rise in net profit in 2005 (n.→v.)
Cadburry Schweppes’s net profit rose by 46% in 2005.

34. Guidelines to describe a chart/graph (RB):
Describe the general trend
e.g. A downward trend is noticed in the retail sales in 2005.
When did it peak/reach a low?
Time: In what period...? For how long ....?
e.g. in the period between March and June 2005, in the first quarter of 2005, in the second half of 2005, for three consecutive months...
How intensive/quick was the change? There was a rapid increase in the sales ... Sales fell dramatically ...

35. 1. Overall trend, 2. Specific trends (details:v+n, highs, lows), 3
1.Overall trend, 2.Specific trends (details:v+n, highs, lows), 3.Intensity & speed (adj +adv) , 4. Time frame 5.Prepositions (in, from…to, at, to, by)
In the period between February and January, an upward trend was recorded in the growth rate of retail sales peaking at $ X at the end of the observed period.
Having reached a low at the end of January, retail sales started rising in February, slipped back in March and remained stable at $ X throughout April. A sharp increase to $X is visible in early May followed by an abrupt drop of X% in June. Retail sales climbed back to $X in July. They went up mildly in August and continued rising in September….

37. ASSIGNMENT: Describe the graph using the expressions below. …………