1. Republic of Korea and IIASA Highlights (2008-2016)
March 2016

2. CONTENTS Summary National Member Organization
Some Leading Korean Personalities Associated with IIASA
Research Partners
Research Collaborations: Selected Highlights
Capacity Building
Further Information

3. SUMMARY (2008-2016) National Member Organization
National Research Foundation of Korea
Membership start date
2008
Research partners
18 organizations in Korea
Areas of research collaborations
Six shocks and Korea
Smart ways to clean up Korea’s air
Research to support green growth in Korea
Analyzing global water challenges
Improving forest management in Korea
The future of fisheries
Advancing energy and integrated assessment modeling in Korea
Projecting changing population and human capital in Korea
Capacity Building
13 doctoral students from Korea have participated in IIASA’s Young Scientists Summer Program and its new Southern African version
Other Interactions
Koreans have participated in IIASA events over 130 times.
Researchers, advisors, and diplomats from Korea have visited IIASA over 75 times, while IIASA scientists have visited Korea over 110 times.

4. NATIONAL MEMBER ORGANIZATION
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
Professor Min Keun Chung, President of NRF, is the IIASA Council Member for Korea
The Director of NRF’s Center for International Affairs, Dr. Sang Won Ra, is the NMO Secretary for Korea
The National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) is the National Member Organization (NMO) representing Korean membership of IIASA as well as funding IIASA’s annual membership fee. Korean membership began in 2008.
Professor Min Keun Chung, President of NRF, is the IIASA Council Member for Korea, and along with the representatives of each of IIASA’s member countries sits on IIASA’s Council and is responsible for setting the overall strategic direction of the Institute as well as governing IIASA. Professor Chung is also a member of the Program Committee of the IIASA Council which advises IIASA on the development of its research programs.
The Director of NRF’s Center for International Affairs, Dr. Sang Won Ra, is the NMO Secretary for Korea and supports the work of the Korean Council Member.

5. SOME LEADING PERSONALITIES IN KOREA AND ASSOCIATED WITH IIASA
Joon Sik Lee
Jae-Kyu Lee
Hee Kyung Park
Professor Joon Sik Lee, Dean of the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Seoul National University, has been a member of IIASA’s Science Advisory Committee since 2011.
Professor Jae-Kyu Lee, Dean, School of Green Growth, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Mr Yang-Jin Oh is a Director at the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation and has represented the Korean Ministry, which is a founding partner of IIASA’s Water Futures and Solutions (WFaS) initiative, at multiple WFaS events.
Professor Hee Kyung Park is a board member of the Korea Water Forum and serves on the Interim Governing Board of IIASA’s Water Futures and Solutions initiative.
Dr Jong-Guk Song is President of the Science and Technology Policy Institute and collaborates with IIASA on the ‘Six Shocks and Korea’ project.
Dr Seung-Jick Yoo is President of the Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea and collaborated with IIASA on the ‘Vision and Transition Pathways towards a Low Carbon Green Korea in 2050’ project.
Professor Soogil Young of the KDI School of Public Policy and Management in Seoul and former Chair of the Presidential Committee on Green Growth (2010 to 2012), spoke at IIASA Conference 2012, has collaborated with IIASA’s energy experts, and serves on the Leadership Council of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network along with IIASA’s Director General.
Seung-Jick Yoo
Soogil Young
Jong-Guk Song

6. RESEARCH PARTNERS 18 institutions in Korea, including:
• Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea (GIR)
• Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
• Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI)
• Korea University
• Konkuk University (KU)
• Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
• National Institute of Environmental Research of Korea (NIER)
• Pukyong National University
• Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI)
• Seoul National University
IIASA works with research funders, academic institutions, policymakers and individual researchers in Korea. The following list includes the names of the organizations or the individual’s affiliated institutions that have all recently collaborated with IIASA.
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea (GIR)
Green Technology Center Korea (GTCK)
Keimyung University
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI)
Korea Environment Institute (KEI)
Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI)
Korea University
Korea Water Forum (KWF)
Konkuk University (KU)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
National Institute of Environmental Research of Korea (NIER)
National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI)
Presidential Committee on Green Growth
Pukyong National University
Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI)
Seoul National University

7. RESEARCH COLLABORATIONS
Selected Highlights:
Six shocks and Korea
GAINS-KOREA
Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
Water Futures and Solutions
Projecting changing population in Korea
Shrinking Korean Chum Salmon

8. SIX SHOCKS AND KOREA Low probability but high impact events
Project aims to:
Develop research methods to explore and identify solutions to extreme events
Apply these methods to researching the resilience of Korea to six extreme events
Identify policies to strengthen the resilience of Korean economy and society to low possibility but high impact events: (1) a collapse of the internet, (2) a radical change in the price of energy, (3) a concealed nuclear accident in a neighboring country, (4) a food crisis, (5) a pandemic, and (6) a discontinuous transition in retirement age (up to 75 years)
The above diagram shows the causal loop of events that can be sparked off by an internet collapse.

9. SIX SHOCKS AND KOREA Prioritizing policies that maximize resilience
The researchers identify the most efficient portfolio of policies that will make Korea more resilient to the largest number of extreme events. Their research methods take a system view, therefore identify synergies between different portfolios that maximize the benefits in terms of increasing resilience while minimizing the costs.
The diagram shows the result of this analysis. The ones in green are actions that improve resilience against all the six extreme shocks. While in red, it is only useful for one extreme event.

10. GAINS – KOREA Impact Map in GAINS-Korea Prototype (PM2.5) Year 2010
2030
Phase 1 of a three phase project to develop a Korean version of GAINS in order to inform Korean Government policy on the most cost-effective way to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

11. Source and Fuel mapping
BUILDING GAINS-KOREA
Energy & Mobile
: Powerplant, industry, domestic, road and non-road transportations
Industry process
: Industry process (part) and fugitive dust except agriculture
VOC
- Solvents use(reversely calculated using GAINS emission factors) and industry process (part)
Agriculture
- Agriculture and fugitive dust of agriculture
Activities
Emission
factors
Tech.
Penetration
Control
Efficiency
GAINS-Korea
- Technologies mapping between CAPSS and GAINS
Technology mapping
Source classifications of CAPSS mapping to gains sectors
Fuel mapping between CAPSS and GAINS
Source and Fuel mapping
Calculate activities
by GAINS sectors
Calculate technologies penetration
Use GAINS control efficiency
according to technology mapping
From CAPSS
: Uncontrolled emission factors from CAPSS for all sectors except VOCs
From GAINS
: Solvent use for VOC sectors
Emission factors
Calculate weighted average of emission factors by detailed SCC of CAPSS

12. BIOENERGY WITH CARBON CAPTURE & STORAGE (BECCS)
Optimal location of green-field biomass plants (20 MW) in Korea
Red shows bioenergy plants without carbon capture and storage
Blue indicates BECCS unit locations on a light yellow background (geologically suitable formation for capture and storage of carbon).
Source: Kraxner F, Aoki K, Leduc S, Kindermann G, Fuss S, Yang J, Yamagata Y, Tak K & Obersteiner M (2014). BECCS in South Korea - Analyzing the negative emissions potential of bioenergy as a mitigation tool. Renewable Energy, 61:

13. WATER FUTURES AND SOLUTIONS
An integrated analysis of global water challenges and solutions
Founding Partners:
Results at:

14. PROJECTING CHANGING POPULATION IN KOREA
IIASA has developed research methods to project population by level of education. This equips researchers with the tools to explore the implications of different education policies on a country’s future fertility, life expectancy, migration and population level as well as economic growth, transition to democracy and ability to adapt to climate change. In 2014, IIASA will publish the first projections of educational attainment by age and sex for 195 countries with Oxford University Press. Findings for Korea show how different policies over the next few decades could lead to a very different composition of Korea’s future population.

15. PROJECTING CHANGING POPULATION IN KOREA CONVENTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
SSP 5: Conventional development
This storyline envisions a world that stresses conventional development oriented toward economic growth as the solution to social and economic problems through the pursuit of enlightened self-interest. The preference for rapid conventional development leads to an energy system dominated by fossil fuels, resulting in high GHG emissions and challenges to mitigation. Lower socio-environmental challenges to adaptation result from attainment of human development goals, robust economic growth, highly engineered infrastructure with redundancy to minimize disruptions from extreme events, and highly managed ecosystems.
Population Component of SSP5: Conventional Development
This world of conventional development features high education assumptions and low mortality assumptions across all countries. For fertility the pattern is strongly differentiated, with relatively high fertility assumed for the rich OECD countries (as a consequence of high technology and a very high standard of living that allows for easier combination of work and family, and possibly for immigrant domestic assistants) and low fertility assumed for all other countries. The emphasis on market solutions and globalization also implies the assumption of high migration for all countries.

16. PROJECTING CHANGING POPULATION IN KOREA CONVENTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

17. PROJECTING CHANGING POPULATION IN KOREA
IIASA has developed research methods to project population by level of education. This equips researchers with the tools to explore the implications of different education policies on a country’s future fertility, life expectancy, migration and population level as well as economic growth, transition to democracy and ability to adapt to climate change. In 2014, IIASA will publish the first projections of educational attainment by age and sex for 195 countries with Oxford University Press. Findings for Korea show how different policies over the next few decades could lead to a very different composition of Korea’s future population.

18. PROJECTING CHANGING POPULATION IN KOREA FRAGMENTATION
SSP 3: Fragmentation
This narrative is an opposite of sustainability. The world is separated into regions characterized by extreme poverty, with pockets of moderate wealth. In the majority of countries, the struggle is to maintain living standards for rapidly growing populations. Regional blocks of countries have re-emerged with little coordination between them. This is a world failing to achieve global development goals and with little progress in reducing resource intensity and fossil fuel dependency. Environmental concerns such as air pollution are not being addressed. Countries in this scenario focus on achieving energy and food security goals within their own region. The world has de-globalized, and international trade, including energy resource and agricultural markets, is severely restricted. The lack of international cooperation combined with low investments in technology development and education slow down economic growth in high-, middle-, and low-income regions. Population growth in this scenario is high as a result of the education and economic trends, and the growth in urban areas in low-income countries is often in unplanned settlements. Unmitigated emissions are relatively high, driven by the high population growth, use of local energy resources, and slow technological change in the energy sector. Governance and institutions are weak and lack cooperation, consensus, or effective leadership. Investments in human capital are low and inequality is high. A regionalized world leads to reduced trade flows, and institutional development is unfavorable, leaving large numbers of people vulnerable to climate change because of their low adaptive capacity. Policies are oriented towards security, including barriers to trade.
Population Component of SSP3: Stalled Development
In demographic terms this is a world with a stalled demographic transition. Fertility is assumed to be low in the rich OECD countries and high in the other two country groups. Population growth is assumed to be high in developing countries and low in industrialized countries. Accordingly, this scenario assumes high mortality and low education for all three country groupings. Due to the emphasis on security and barriers to international exchange, migration is assumed to be low for all countries.

19. PROJECTING CHANGING POPULATION IN KOREA FRAGMENTATION

20. SHRINKING KOREAN CHUM SALMON
Changing environmental conditions (commercial fishing, climatic change) are changing the traits of fish (growth and size at maturation)
~ 30 case studies including Korean Chum Salmon
Implications for future size of fish stocks, and that evolutionary changes can take a long time to reverse
Urbach D, Kang M, Kang S, Seong KB, Kim S, Dieckmann U & Heino M (2012). Growth and maturation of Korean chum salmon under changing environmental conditions. Fisheries Research, :

21. CAPACITY BUILDING
12 doctoral students from Korea have won places on IIASA’s Young Scientists Summer Program since 2008.
The Young Scientists Summer Program (YSSP) develops the research skills and networks of talented PhD students. Program participants conduct independent research within the Institute’s research programs under the guidance of IIASA scientific staff. Funding is provided through IIASA’s Korean National Member Organization unless otherwise stated. Since 2008 the following eleven Korean students have participated in this program:
Ki Chul Choi (YSSP ’12 & Konkuk University) assessed the impact of emission reductions of sources on air quality in regions of South Korea and East Asia.
Min Ho Kang (YSSP ’08 & Pukyong National University) researched the probability of chum salmon in Korea’s Namdae River to mature as a function of their age and size. (Funded by IIASA)
Moonil Kim (YSSP ’14 & Korea University) is improving an existing forest resource forecasting model by developing the model’s capacity to make quantitative forecasts on how forest management affects forest resources and the model’s capacity to make quantitative forecasts on how climate change affects forest growth among different tree species.
Younha Kim (YSSP ’14 & Konkuk University) is using the newly developed GAINS Korea model to analyze the impact of new policies to reduce air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions in the Seoul metropolitan area.
Joung-Hun Lee (YSSP ’12 & Kyushu University), a Korean national, used game-theoretical models to analyze the illegal harvesting of forest trees and explore approaches to reduce such illegal logging.
Mun Su Lee (YSSP ’11 & Sungkyunkwan University) studied the climate and energy security impacts of alternate energy futures for developing countries in Asia and what this implies in terms of policy costs and the required levels of technological deployment and demand management.
Roktaek Lim (YSSP ’10 & Seoul National University) developed a simple life-history model of the growth and decline of the global catch of anchovy and sardine to reveal the mechanisms that are causing the observed long-term cycles of these fish.
Kyeongah Nah (YSSP ’12 & University of Szeged), a Korean national, used adaptive dynamics theory to understand the bimodality observed in malaria incubation times. (Funded by IIASA)
Tuyen Van Nguyen (YSSP ’11 & Pusan National University) used an eco-evolutionary model to analyze how certain aquatic organisms respond to external environmental disturbances such as oxygen, temperature, and pollution. (Funded by the German NMO)
Jae-Ho Shin (YSSP ’08 & Tokyo Institute of Technology), a Korean national, analyzed the emergence of innovation through the development of new functionality and what factors can maintain the successive development of new functionality.
Sam Hyun Yoo (YSSP ’12 & Arizona State University), a Korean national, investigated the impact of female education on the process of childbearing postponement and recuperation in Korea.

22. CAPACITY BUILDING
Southern-African Young Scientist Summer Program: (SA-YSSP)
Kyeongah Nah (SA-YSSP ’12-’13 & University of Szeged), a Korean national, developed a model for predicting malaria incubation times under latitudinal and climate-induced changes in season lengths.
In 2012 IIASA launched its first expansion of the successful YSSP with the Southern African Young Scientists Summer Program (SA-YSSP) at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa. The Program is organized jointly by IIASA and three South African partners: the National Research Foundation (NRF), the Department of Science and Technology, and the University of the Free State. In a competitive selection process, one doctoral student from the Republic of Korea, was awarded a fellowship to take part in the program:
Kyeongah Nah (SA-YSSP ’12-’13 & University of Szeged), a Korean national, extended her previously developed model for predicting malaria incubation times under latitudinal and climate-induced changes in season lengths. (Funded by NRF)

23. POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS
Sam Hyun Yoo ( ) joins IIASA’s demographers to calculate fertility projections for South Korea over the next two decades to assess the effects of delayed childbearing and a reduced number of births per woman.
Postdoctoral researchers at IIASA work in a rich international scientific environment alongside scientists from many different countries and disciplines. The Institute’s research community helps its postdoctoral researchers to develop their research from fresh angles, to publish widely in journal articles, and to establish their own global network of collaborators. One postdoctoral fellow from Korea has participated in the program since 2008:
Sam Hyun Yoo ( ), originally from the Republic of Korea, joins IIASA’s demographers to calculate fertility projections for South Korea over the next two decades to assess the effects of delayed childbearing and a reduced number of births per woman. (PhD in sociology from Arizona State University, US).

24. National Research Foundation of Korea
FURTHER INFORMATION
IIASA
National Research Foundation of Korea