1. How did the civil rights movement begin in the 1950's ?

2. Situation of the civil rigths in the early 1950's
Since the Jim Crow system established in 1876 until the 1950s, the Black community lost civil rights :
♦Legal racial segregation ( in public schools, public transportation, restaurants..etc.)
♦ Disfranchisement
♦ Exploitation
♦ Violence

4. Three key events triggered the civil rights movement
1°) Brown vs Board of education 1954
2°)Rosa Parks and the Montgomery , Bus Boycott ,
3°)Desegregation of Little Rock Highschool 1957

5. Brown vs Board of education 1954
Oliver L. Brown :an assistant pastor at his local church, and an African American.
The thirteen plaintiffs
Segregated schools
Kansas state laws

6. Brown vs Board of education 1954

7. Rosa Parks and the Montgomery , Bus Boycott , 1955-1956
On December 1st 1955, Rosa Parks got arrested in Montgomery, Alabama.
Bus boycott, in which Martin Luther King took part, lasted 381 days.
On December 20th 1956, the U.S. Supreme court decision declares that Alabama's laws requiring segregated buses are unconstitutional.

8. Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955-1956

9. Desegregation of Little Rock Highschool1957
In 1957, Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus called out his state's National Guard to block black students' entry to Little Rock Central High School.
President Dwight Eisenhower responded by deploying elements of the 101st Airborne Division from Fort Campbell, Kentucky, to Arkansas and by federalizing Faubus' National Guard.

10. Desegragating Little Rock 1957

11. Overview Eisenhower : 1952-1960 :
. In the 50's ,the President himself did not believe in federal intervention against southern states policies.
Even though laws against segregation did pass in the 1950s they are not respected.
Civil Rights Act of 1964

12. Conclusion