1. SENTENCES
Definition: A group of words expressing a complete thought that contains at least a noun and verb.
Ex. I enjoy eating cheese.
The thought expressed- I like to eat cheese.

2. Sentence Fragments
If a group of words does not express a complete thought, it is a Sentence Fragment ( a fragment of a sentence).
Ex. Melted or on crackers.
The thought expressed- ???? What is melted or on crackers?

3. Run On Sentences
Definition: Two or more sentences separated only by a comma or by no punctuation mark.
Ex. Where are Riff and Raff those cats won’t come when I call.
Corrected: Where are Riff and Raff? Those cats won’t come when I call.
Ex. That is because cats are dumb and ill-tempered they are pretty haughty for animals who lick themselves clean and poop in a box in front of the whole family.
Corrected: That is because cats are dumb and ill-tempered. They are pretty haughty for animals who lick themselves clean and poop in a box in front of the whole family.

4. Cheese comes in many different colors.
Practice: Determine which of the groups of words below are sentences, sentence fragments or run on sentences.
Cheese comes in many different colors.
These colors include white, yellow and blue.
Marbled, a mix of yellow and white.
My favorite type of cheese is Gouda it is tasty and good.
Covered with mold.
I like to make cheese fondue and I also enjoy cheese omelets.

5. Sentence Structure
Every sentence must have a SUBJECT and a PREDICATE. Subject: The part of the sentence about which something is said. (the noun) Simple Subject: The main noun Predicate: The part of the sentence which says something about the subject. (the verb) Simple Predicate: The main verb

6. Examples! Hooray! The yellow cheese melted quickly.
Subject= The yellow cheese
Simple Subject= cheese
Predicate= melted quickly
Simple Predicate= melted.
Wow! Your toes are really shiny!
Subject= Your toes
Simple Subject= toes
Predicate= are really shiny!
Simple Predicate= are

7. How to Find the Subject
Easiest way to find the subject of a sentence is to find the verb and then ask “who” or “what” before the verb.
Ex. The cook sprinkled cheese over the pizza.
What’s the verb? Sprinkled
Who sprinkled? The cook
The subject is the cook.

8. Things To Remember About Subjects
The subject is NEVER in a prepositional phrase.
“There” is never the subject of a sentence.
Questions will invert normal sentence order, putting a verb before a subject or subject between verb parts.
So, the steps for finding a subject are.
Cross out all prepositional phrases first, before you look for your verb.
Cross out “there”.
Restate questions so they are statements.

9. Practice
Most of the cheese was good. MOST The giant cheese wheel rolled under the table. (giant) CHEESE WHEEL She threw the cat into the tree. SHE Was the cat angry? CAT

10. Oregon is haunted by legends of the fearsome creature Bigfoot.
PRACTICE GAME Find the simple subject and simple predicate of each sentence.
Oregon is haunted by legends of the fearsome creature Bigfoot.
S: Oregon, P: is haunted

11. This legendary humanlike creature secludes itself in heavily forested areas.
S: Creature, P: secludes

12. Its shaggy coat of hair looks like a bear’s pelt.
S: Coat, P: looks

13. Bigfoot is gentle and shy by nature, avoiding contact with strangers.
S: Bigfoot, P: is

14. Complete Subjects and Predicates
Complete Subject: The main noun and all of the words that modify it.
Complete Predicate: The main verb and all of the words that modify it.
Ex. Her ugly toes made me extremely angry.
Complete Subject= Her ugly toes
Complete Predicate= made me extremely angry.

15. Understood Subjects
In sentences that are requests or commands, the subject is usually not stated. It is understood to be you.
Ex. Please answer the phone. (you)
You, please answer the phone.
Ex. Listen carefully to the instructions. (you)
You, listen carefully to the instructions.

16. Sometimes a request/ command includes a name
Sometimes a request/ command includes a name. These are called NOUNS OF DIRECT ADDRESS.
Nouns of direct address identify the person spoken to, BUT you is still the understood subject.
Ex. Erin, listen carefully to the instructions.
Subject : you

17. Compound Subjects and Verbs
Compound Subject: Two or more subjects that are joined by a conjunction AND have the same verb.
Ex. Shamrock and Ginger fought for the cheese.
Compound Subject: Shamrock and Ginger
Compound Verb: Two or more verbs that are joined by a conjunction AND have the same subject.
Ex. Shamrock barked and ran.
Compound Verb: barked and ran.

18. Sentence Structure Cont.
Usually, sentences follow this order: subject + predicate The cheese melted in the sun. However, sentence can be inverted: predicate+ subject In the sun sat the melting cheese. Or, the subject can be in the middle of the sentence: In the sun, will the cheese melt?

19. Moles and bats supposedly have very poor eyesight.
PRACTICE: For each sentence, identify the subject and predicate. Tell me if the subject is compound or understood and if the verb is compound.
Moles and bats supposedly have very poor eyesight.
S: Moles and bats, compound
P: have

20. Dachshunds and terriers often run and jump.
S: Dachshunds and terriers, compound
P: run and jump, compound

21. Throw that rotten tomato.
S: You, understood
P: Throw

22. Shamrock growled and pawed the ground like a bull.
S: Shamrock
P: Growled and pawed, compound

23. REVIEW Today, you should have taken notes on:
Sentences: Definition and structure
Sentence Fragments: Definition
Run On Sentences: Definition
Subjects: Definition
How to find a subject
Understood
Compound
Predicates: Definition
Review your notes and make sure you didn’t miss anything!