1. Digital Object Architecture (DOA) in ITU
TSB - Operations and Planning Department

2. What is a Handle identifier?
Naming Authority
Item ID
(any format)
/1000/1234
Suffix
Prefix
A Handle is a globally unique and resolvable identifier
Prefix is resolvable by the Global Handle Registry to a Local Handle System (LHS).
The identifier is resolvable by Local Handle System into set of typed values.
Character Set: Unicode 2.0
Encoding: UTF-8
Prefix: Currently allocating only numeric values.
Suffix: No restrictions.

3. Resolution Service Provider (RSP): GHR/LHS
ITU creates and manages its own prefixes under prefix 11. Prefixes currently allocated in ITU so far:
> ITU-R
> ITU-T
> ITU-D
> General Secretariat of ITU
> staging / development
> prefix 11 community
11.oid -> Object Identifiers (OID) interoperability
Prefix 11 
Root

4. DO Architecture Initiatives @ITU
More than 1 million handle identifiers have been already assigned to various ITU digital objects, such as:
ITU History Portal (webpages and documents)
ITU-T Recommendations and any of its respective patent statements and copyrights
Different collections of ITU-T databases and working groups
ITU-R Maritime database: ships and coast stations

5. DOA in ITU - Goals
Set policies to name digital objects using the Handle IDs for persistent identification.
Increase Reach, indexing and cataloging objects for safer and better external access.
Provide interoperable platform for heterogeneous systems, using open standard protocols to communicate and resolve Handle IDs.
Multilingual support for all official UN languages.
Different security levels and privacy controls to access .
Multiple resolution system to access objects, different languages and media types.

6. Before: ITU-T resources scattered
Rec. info
Test signals
Terminology
Resolutions and opinions
Rec. files
Technical papers
Handbook

7. After: Centralized Information System
ITU-T databases
ITU-T meeting documents, publications, websites, events, media content, …
DOA
Handle System
Search on metadata, keywords and file content

8. Components Developed in ITU
Handle Bridge: Tool for administrators for managing prefixes & suffixes and connect external applications to the handle system.
DO Repository (CORDRA): Digital object repository and registry software for managing digital information (data structures and files)
Indexing tool: Service for storing and searching Digital Objects on LHS and Cordra.
Handle Web Client: Web application for end-users for displaying, creating and modifying Handle identifiers
Synchronization tool: Application Programming Interface (API) to automate synchronization between local databases and the Handle System.
Anti-counterfeit Solution: application that uses Handle IDs to validate products
Handle Ubuntu Client: Application with native support for resolving identifiers; Available in Ubuntu OS / Linux distribution.

9. DOA supporting ITU products and activities
ITU-T X.660 OID ITU repository providing resolution mechanism for OIDs (first quarter 2017)
ITU-T Search engine search interface for all ITU-T documents, publications and other resources in 6 languages (12/2016)
ITU-T meeting documents and publications (11/2016)
ITU Maritime Publications persistent identifiers to ship stations and publications edition 2017 (01/2017)
ITU Library persistent identifiers to digital documents(10/2014)
ITU history portal web pages (10/2014)
ITU-T SGs permanent links for Liaison Statements, Work Programme, meeting results (09/2014)

10. Patent statements composed of information that was communicated to the ITU-T by administrations, private enterprises, etc., digital objects (7/2014)
ITU-T active working groups (7/2014)
Conformity and Interoperability database, +90 digital objects
ITU-T Recommendations in 6 languages and various format, digital objects (11/2013)
ITU-T Test signals for different types of media: audio, still images and moving images (6/2013)
DOA supporting ITU products and activities

11. DOA - Integration Existing ITU Systems Uploading files
-Local Digital Repositories
-Databases
-Web server Applications
Share
meta-data
Assign unique handle ID
XML / JSON
DO Protocol / TLS
HTTP
Handle-Bridge or REST API
User
Handle app
Web browser
Web proxy
- Handle Server
- Indexing tool
- DO Repository
- Handle Web Client
- Handle Proxies
hdl:// /…
Get information about ITU files: title, description, location, languages, formats available
DOA systems

12. Public-key and Secret-key based authentication
Native Resolution
DO Protocol / TLS
TCP/IP
GHR
User
Public-key and Secret-key based authentication
Handle app
Windows or Linux
hdl:// /…
Resolving handle IDs
LHS
LHS
Handle System

13. Main systems and environments
Resolution System
Global: Multi-Primary Global Handle Registry (MPA-GHR)
Local: Local Handle Services (LHS)
Development environment: Hosting applications for staging and development, before being moved to production
Production environment: Hosting operational applications and web services

14. Server Topology
+20 physical servers located in ITU premises; these servers host DOA services and applications.
Primary servers are located in one datacenter and the mirror server in another datacenter for load balancing and failure takeover capabilities. Thus ensuring high availability and redundancy for the resolution system.
Servers are protected by the ITU DMZ network.

15. External restrictions
TSB building
DOA 4
DOA 5
DOA 6
Minimum
External restrictions
ITU Green LAN x.xx / xx
Varembe datacenter
Internet
DOA 11b
DOA 12b
DOA 13b
DOA 14b
DOA 15b
DOA 16b
DOA 17b
DOA 18b
DOA0
DOA 3
ITU Yellow LAN x.xx / xx
Open ports:
TCP/UDP 2641
TCP/UDP 8000
TCP 80
DOA 11
DOA 12
DOA 13
DOA 14
DOA 15
DOA 16
DOA 17
DOA 18
DOA1
DOA 2
DOA 7
Montbrillant datacenter

16. List of Servers Name (primary/mirror) Brand/model Description
DOA Resolution service provider (RSP)
DOA 14 / DOA 14b
Supermicro server 6027R-RTF
Global Handle Service (GHR)
DOA 11 / DOA 11b
Dell Server R420
Local Handle Service (LHS) hosting 7 prefixes (primary/mirror)
Production environment
DOA 12 / DOA16
Hosting Handle Manager, Handle Proxy, Handle Bridge, Indexing service for LHS, Cordra
DOA 13 / DOA 15
SuperMicro 5037AI and 6028R-T
Hosting Handle Web Client and Anti-Counterfeit applications
Staging environment
DOA 2, 4, 5 & 6
Dell Precision T 5500
Dell Optiplex 745
Hosting Handle-Bridge, indexing tool, Drupal sites, APIs, etc.
DOA 3, 7
Dell Optiplex GX 620
Hosting web sites (DONA, open innovation), synchronization tool
DOA 0, DOA 1
Macmini 5,3
iOS testbed environment

18. Demo videos DO Architecture​
Maritime publications
Counterfeit Medicines
Prototype demo:

19. ITU-T Apps HWC https://hwc.itu.int/ Global search

20. DO Architecture Global Initiatives