1. Lauren, Olivia, and Kevin
Chapter 20, Section 3
Lauren, Olivia, and Kevin

2. I. Chicago Fire of 1817
A. Killed nearly 300 people B. Left almost 100,000 homeless 1. By the 1890’s, population went back up to 1 million. C. Destroyed entire downtown D. Supposedly, the fire was started due to a cow knocking over a lantern.

3. II. Building Boom
A. New York and Chicago 1. Built up instead of out a. many (building) floors, frames of lightweight steel, electric elevators 2. First buildings constructed in Chicago 1885 a. approximately ten stories tall

4. III. Public Transportation
A. Cities faced a new problem because of skyscrapers. 1. Traffic Jams (horse-drawn carriages, carriages, and carts) B. Frank Sprauge, Designed first electric streetcar system at 30 years old. C. Streetcars were fast, clean, and quiet

5. III. Public Transportation (ctnd.)
D. Subway 1. Built in Opened in 1904 in New York E. EL (Elevated Train) 1. Steam engines on overhead tracks

6. IV. Central Park
A. 1850, Frederick Law Olmstead plans Central Park’s layout 1. Wanted to preserve open spaces 2. Set aside land for zoos and gardens

7. V. Shopping
A. Late 1800’s, department stores opened for business 1. Sold all kinds of goods in convenience of one building B. MACY’S , R. H. Macy open Macy’s in Herald Square in New York 2. 9-story building, 33 elevators 3. “We sell goods cheaper than any house in the world.”

8. VI. Sports
A. Black Baseball Leagues 1. African Americans were banned from major baseball leagues – Frank Thompson organized a group of waiters and made the first black baseball league: Cuban Giants of Long Island 3. Early baseball was much different than the baseball we’ve come to know. Catchers would catch the ball after one bounce and fielders didn’t wear gloves, resulting in higher scores. (ex: 103 to 8)

9. VI. Sports (ctnd.)
B. Start of Football 1. Skill requirements for football weren’t very high; players just needed muscle to be on a team. 2. Early football was dangerous and uncoordinated. One year, 44 players died, resulting in stricter rules and regulations.

10. VI. Sports (ctnd.)
C. Start of Basketball 1. In 1891, a YMCA worker named James Naismith decided to invent a sport that could be played indoors. The result was basketball. 2. Originally, square boxes were supposed to be used instead of hoops, but a YMCA janitor had a different idea. He nailed 2 bushel baskets together to create a bigger basket.

11. VII. Entertainment
A. Entertainment 1. Vaudeville – a variety show that starred comedy, dance, music, and acrobatic routines 2. Ragtime – new kind of music with lively, rhythmic sound a. Scott Joplin, an African American composer, made ragtime popular with his song “Maple Leaf Rag”, which was a nationwide hit.

12. VII. Entertainment (ctnd.)
3. Popular songs a. Songs like “Shine On, Harvest Moon” that were originally sang on vaudeville stages soon gained mainstream popularity b. John Philip Sousa (creator of the sousaphone) wrote over 100 patriotic marches, which became favorites at Fourth of July celebrations

13. Does anybody have any questions?