1. Chapter 1 - The Science of Biology
1-4
Tools and Procedures
METRIC

2. 1-4 tools & Procedures A common Measurement System
Analyzing Biological
data

3. Why do scientists need a common system of measurements?
What is this common system called?
What types of measurements are made in an experiment?
To replicate one another’s experiments
The Metric System
S.I. Systeme Internationale
It is a decimal system of measurements
Length
Mass
Volume
Temperature

4. Length This is the distance of something from end to end.
Measured in METERS

5. There are 10 millimeters in one centimeter
The system is based on multiples of 10

6. Mass
How much matter is in an object
Measured in GRAMS

7. Volume How much space an object takes up Measured in LITERS (liquid)
Measured in cubic centimeters

8. The presence or absence of heat
Temperature
The presence or absence of heat
Measured in CELSIUSo
Water boils
Water freezes

9. Metric System Category Definition Measured in: Length
This is the distance of something from end to end
Meters
millimeters
centimeters
Volume
How much space an object takes up
Liters
milliliters
Mass
How much matter is in an object
(heavy)
Grams
milligrams
Temperature
The presence or absence of heat
Celsius degrees
0o - freezing
100o boiling

11. Uncertainty of Measurements Lab
Using metric tools, you will
Measure length and width in cm and mm.
Measure mass with grams.
Measure volume by
water displacement (uneven object)
and LxWxH (even object)
Measure temperature with a Celsius thermometer

13. Station 1 Meter stick to measure table top area

14. Estimate length using a metric ruler

15. Estimate length using a metric ruler

16. Estimate length with a metric ruler

17. Station 2 Metric ruler to measure a regular object’s volume

18. Station 3 Graduated Cylinder used to measure the volume of a colored liquid
Meniscus

19. Estimate volume in a graduated cylinder

20. Estimate volume in a graduated cylinder

21. Station 4 Mass: (of an irregular object) Triple Beam Balance

22. Gages are all locked at the left
Balanced is at ZERO

23. Mass Move gages to determine weight
Start with smallest gage first
Mass/weight is determined when it is balanced

24. Irregular pebble

25. Triple beam measurement

26. Triple beam balance

27. Triple beam balance

28. Station 5 Graduated Cylinder to find the volume of an irregular object
265 ml After
200 ml
Before
265ml (after)
-200ml (before)
V(pebble) = 65 ml

29. Station 6 Celsius Thermometer to find the temperature of ice water
Never allow the
thermometer to touch the
glass at the bottom

30. Gathering data from 9 other groups: Will there be inconsistent results?

31. Analysis & Conclusion

32. Cornell notes for 1-4
Like we did before, lets write down questions on the left side of our notebook and leave space on the right side for your answers.
Each group will be assigned a question according to the number on their desk.
You will be given 5 minutes to find your answers then you will share them with the class.

33. 1-4 Questions What is a light microscope?
What is an electron microscope?
What is a Scanning Electron Microscope?
What is a Transmission Electron Microscope?
How are light microscopes and electron microscopes the same?

34. Questions (cont) How are light and electron microscopes different?
What is a cell culture?
What is cell fractionation?

35. Let’s see how we did on our answers!

36. TOOLS
Light Microscope
Produce magnified images by focusing visible light rays
Produce images up to 1000X normal size
Stains and dyes show specific structures in cells

37. Electron Microscope
Use beams of electrons (rather than light) to produce images.
Can produce images about 1000 times more detailed than a light microscope.

38. 2 types of electron microscopes:
Scanning Electron Microscopes
Get 3-Dimensional views
Like this 3-D view of pollen
Transmission Electron Microscope
Get views of thin slices
Like this cell part

39. How are light and electron microscopes different?
They are different in 2 ways: 1.
Light microscope magnifies by using focused light
Electron microscope magnifies by using electrons 2.
Light microscopes can view live specimens
Electron microscopes can only view dead specimens because the electrons operate in a vacuum with no air.

40. A single cell is placed into a petri dish and allowed to reproduce many more cells.
This gives scientists enough material to study
Cell parts are separated by spinning rapidly in a centrifuge
Homework:
P. 28 # 1,2,3,4,5
Workbook p. 10,11,12
LABORATORY TECHNIQUES
Cell Cultures
Cell Fractionation

41. 1-4 HOT Questions List the 4 common metric units.
Describe the main difference between the metric system and the English system of measurement.
Sequence the following units in order from smallest to largest: m, mm, km, cm.
Conclude why it is important to zero out a triple beam balance or an electric scale before you weigh an object.
Justify why we wear goggles in the lab when using chemicals.

42. 1-4 Homework
p. 28 # 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
p. 31 # 22, 23