1. Starter: KWL Create a KWL Chart
Under the K section write something that you know about ancient Rome.
Under the W section write something that you want to know about ancient Rome
Leave the section under L blank. We will return to that at the end of class. K W L

2. Ancient Rome Vocabulary
Republic- a form of government in which the leader is not a king and citizens have the right to vote.
Punic Wars- a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC.
Triumvirate- a government by three people with equal power.
Pax Romana- “Roman Peace”
Patrician- wealthy powerful landowners
Plebeian- minor landowners, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers.
Roman Senate- a select group of Patricians who served for life.
Legion- a unit of 3,000–6,000 men in the ancient Roman army.
Edict of Milan- a proclamation that permanently established religious toleration for Christianity within the Roman Empire.
Twelve Tables- Rome’s first code of law.

3. Ancient Rome *

4. Geography
Rome is located on the Italian Peninsula which juts into the Mediterranean Sea.
On the Tiber River-easy access to the sea but far enough in to protect from pirates
Built on seven hills-easy to defend *

5. Peoples of Italy
Etruscans-turn Rome from a village to a city, mode of dress, and organization of the army
Latins- Language: Latin
Greeks: Culture (Religion, alphabet, traditions) *

6. The Roman Republic Livy-Roman Historian, wrote of the three virtues
Republic-the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote
Rome gains control of most of Italy through a series of wars
Gave citizenship to some conquered people- allowed them to control local affairs in return for soldiers and taxes.
Believed success was due to three virtues: duty, courage, and discipline
Livy-Roman Historian, wrote of the three virtues *

7. Roman Political Structure
Patricians- wealthy landowners; became Rome’s ruling class.
Plebeians- less wealthy landowners, small farmers, craftspeople, and merchants.
Men in both groups were citizens and could vote, but only the patricians could be elected to office (the Senate).

8. The Roman Senate Select group of Wealthy farmers who served for life
Began as an advisory group, by the third century, had the force of law *

9. Twelve Tables Rome’s first code of law.
Some laws are practical
Some punishments too harsh
Other laws, are just plain silly by today’s standards
***The influence from the Twelve Tables can be seen in our political system today. (Ex. Innocent until proven guilty, right to a fair trial). *

10. The Punic Wars A series of Wars between Carthage and Rome
Carthage was founded by the Phoenicians.
Rome will be burned in the 2nd War
Rome will destroy Carthage in the Third War.
Romans became the masters of the Mediterranean.
Rome creates an Empire *

11. The Roman Empire Julius Caesar-First Dictator of Rome
Creates a Triumvirate- Roman government of Three Generals
Caesar Augustus- First Roman Emperor
Death of Emperors causes political weakness
Civil Wars

12. Assignment- Roman Timeline: Republic to Empire
Find 20 Events from Roman History Chapter 5 Pages
Start with 509 B.C to 476 AD
Use a different Color for each Time Period that the event happens in:
Roman Republic 509 BC-27 BC (Section 1 & 2)
Roman Empire 27 BC- 476 AD (Section 2,4,5)
Color Guide in Bottom Right Corner!!
Decorate with Symbols of Rome

13. Exit Slip Look back at your KWL chart.
In the L section- write what you learned about ancient Rome.
On a half-sheet of paper answer the following question:
In what ways has Rome influenced the United States?

14. Starter
Study for vocabulary quiz

15. Origins of Christianity
Roots: based on Judaism
Hellenistic Religion-Influenced by Greek thinking
Aristotle’s “soul”
Ideas- Based on preachings of Jesus of Nazareth who was proclaimed himself as the Messiah (Savior)
Executed by Romans
Disciples: Close followers who preach his message in the Region- All executed by romans
Founder: Paul, Roman Citizen- Convert
Freely travels to Rome

16. Beliefs of Christianity
Monotheism: belief in one God
Jesus is both the Son and incarnation (human form) of God
Life after death: Reward/Punishment system
New Testament: Accounts of Jesus’s Life & Letters to early Christians

17. Persecution
Early Christians were persecuted by the Romans for refusing to worship the Roman Gods
Martyr: Someone who dies for their beliefs

18. Emperor Constantine Adopted and legalized Christianity
Later Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire

19. Impact of the Church in the Late Roman Empire
As the Roman Empire declined in the West, the church in Rome grew in importance, membership, and influence.
The church became an example of moral authority

20. Why was Rome so Successful?
The Romans were good diplomats
They were skilled, persistent soldiers and brilliant strategists
In law and justice, the Romans were practical *

21. Decline of the Roman Empire
Moral decay
Army discipline
Division of empire
Political problems
Invasions
Economic problems

22. Moral Decay
Conditions in the later centuries made Romans lose their patriotism.
The people lost faith in Rome and the family

23. Army Membership
To defend against increasing threats, Rome hired mercenaries (foreign soldiers who fought for money).
Military started to include invaders
Discipline and loyalty collapsed.
During the 2nd and 3rd Centuries A.D., mass migrations from Eurasia put constant pressure on the European frontier. In Mesopotamia, the Parthians and Sassinids attacked the frontiers; and in 260 A.D., the Sassinids defeated a Roman army at Edessa. The Roman Emperor Valerian was killed and up to 25,000 Romans were captured and sold as slaves. By 350 A.D., the Roman army was closer in appearance to their enemies and former enemies than to the Imperial Roman troops of Trajan. Much of this change was due to the fact that the legions were made up of men recruited in the provinces rather than Rome and Italy. *

24. Rome was divided into Eastern and Western portions
Division of the Empire
Rome was divided into Eastern and Western portions
Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium (He also ended persecution of Christians)

25. Political Problems
Civil conflict: politician- generals fought each other for power
Weak leadership: Emperors were unable to handle problems faced by the empire. They were often brutal and incompetent. Many were murdered.
During his reign several attempts were made on Commodus' life.[[34]] After a few botched efforts, an orchestrated plot was carried out early in December 192, apparently including his mistress Marcia. On 31 December an athlete named Narcissus strangled him in his bath,[[35]] and the emperor's memory was cursed *

26. Invasions
From 376 to 476 Germanic and Mongol invaders poured into the Western portion of the Roman Empire.

27. Economic Problems
The high cost of defending its borders caused the Empire to raise taxes and mint coins with less silver.
With Roman money worth less (devaluation), prices rose (inflation).
Small farmers abandoned their lands causing food shortages.

28. Barbarian Invaders Barbarians: Non-Romans
Germanic tribes repeatedly attacked along the northern borders.

29. Western Empire Falls
The Western Roman Empire ceased to exist in 476 AD when Germanic invaders overthrew the last Roman Emperor.

30. Byzantine Empire
The Eastern Roman Empire survived and later became known as the Byzantine Empire

31. Roman Achievements
Roads that connected Rome to all parts of the Empire
Arches used to supporting buildings, bridges, and aqueducts
Aqueducts were designed to bring water from the mountains to the cities.

32. The Justinian Code The law code of Eastern Emperor Justinian
Practicals laws used throughout the empire
Basis for most of Europe’s Legal systems (law codes)
The Forum (a Latin word meaning open space or market place) was the administrative and corporate heart of Rome. Generally this word referred to the open space in any Roman town where business, judicial, civic, or religious activities were conducted. A typical forum might be surrounded by temples, shops, and basilicas (large, covered structures used for various meetings).
In Rome, there were several forums. The most famous, the Roman Forum, was designed by the architect Vitruvius who felt the proportions needed to be 3:2 (length to width). For centuries, the Roman Forum was the site of the city's most important public buildings including the Arch of Septimius Severus, built in 203 B.C. and the Rostra or public speaking platforms. The reliefs on the triple arch represented many of Rome's victories over oriental tribes and the Rostra was decorated with prows of warships captured during battles. The Roman Forum became the spectacular showcase of the Empire filled with beautiful statues and architecture.
Eventually, the Roman Forum proved too small for Rome's ever growing public activities. Consequently, the first Imperial Forum was built in 54 B.C. by Caesar. Most subsequent emperors built their own forums including Nerva, Vespasian, and Trajan, who built the largest which covered an area of 25 acres. *

33. Roman Colosseum Stadium which held 50,000
Mock battles, gladiator contests, and other bloody spectacles were seen here
Other forms of enjoyment in Roman society involved death and destruction. The main attraction for many Romans was the "games" in the Colosseum, a huge outdoor theater. Gladiators were slaves or former soldiers who fought in the Colosseum and in other arenas, against other people or against animals. These "games" were often fatal to the participants.
In the end, the civilization of ancient Rome is known for several things:
the hugeness of the Empire;
the success of the well-trained armies;
the massive, impressive structures and construction, such as roads, aqueducts, baths, the Forum, and temples;
the struggle with and then embracement of Christianity;
the spreading of Roman writing, laws, trade practices and ideals and, especially, of Greek ideals to the rest of the known world;
the terrible tragedies of slavery and conquest on which the civilization was ultimately based;
the dramatic way in which the Empire collapsed, serving as an example for generations afterward.  *

34. Public Health Piped water for drinking and bathing
Sewage systems to remove human waste
Medical Schools
Claudius Galen
Born in Turkey
Claudius was a famous Roman doctor.
He cut up animals to find out what was inside. This helped him to find out about human organs.
He was the first doctor to take a patient's pulse.
back...
The Romans adopted many Greek philosophies but made their own advancements in public health. They developed sewers to remove human waste from the cities and towns and built systems to provide clean water not only to drink, but for public baths. The baths provided a place to wash, exercise and socialize. Sophisticated hospitals were also built in ancient Rome. They were developed to take care of sick and injured soldiers, which was important to the Roman Empire because it relied on it’s army to conquer new territory.
Romans enjoyed going to the baths. The baths were cheap to enter, so both rich and poor *

35. Roman Empire Map: Pg. 158
Outline in Red-Roman Empire
Label Roman Cities: Rome, Byzantium (Constantinople),  Athens
Label in Green
Roman Regions: Spain, Gaul, Palestine, Egypt, Greece, Italy, Syria
Label Seas in Blue: Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea