1. Introduction to International Relation
Done by:
Morgan Dolan
Xia, Yu
Niorn Pipatanatiganant

2. CHAPTER 2 The Evolution of International Society

3. What is International Society
Any association of distinct political communities that accept common rules, values, institutions
Principles:
Sovereign quality (hierarchical, hegemonial and imperial)
Non-intervention
Key institutions:
Diplomacy
International Law
Balance of power

4. Christian and Islamic Order
Ancient Worlds
Christian and Islamic Order
Any association of distinct political communities that accept common rules, values, institutions
Principles:
Sovereign quality (hierarchical, hegemonial and imperial)
Non-intervention
Key institutions:
Diplomacy
International Law
Balance of power
Medieval Europe’s international society
Supranational
Transnational
Subnational
National
Catholic Church helped elaborate normative basis of society
Canon law, just war)
Islam – Umma (community of belivers) and treat law with others

5. Modern International society
Emergence of Modern International Society
Modern International society
Key elements:
Domination of Europe by larger states
Protestant reform
Diminished Church authority
Strengthened sovereign equality
Exploration of new word
Peace of Westphalia (1648)
American and French Revolution + Napoleonic wars
Emerge of new nations
Concert of Europe – Joint hegemony
Post – WWII
League of Nations

6. Globalization of International society
United Nation (UN) – blocked by cold war
Decolonization
Spread of European model in international society
Challenges for sovereignty-based international society
New forms of community
Failing states
American hyper power
Resistance to Western Ideas
Poverty
Environment
A  global civil society is formed in which rights of individuals play a central role regardless of national/ethnic identity (citizens of the world). (Amnesty, Greenpeace). * An increasing number of
failing States with internal wars, corruption and crime. Non- intervention meant not only sovereign-equality but also self-sustenance and viability.  *Some of the new regimes could not master their independence and their states fell pray  to mayhem and violence. The non-intervention principle prevented external involvement. *The 
role of power in this new system: although technically and in raw 'fire power', the US rules, it cannot really unilaterally call the shots in the world (Afghanistan, Syria, Iran, Iraq,  N. Korea). China, Russia, Japan and the European Union challenge the US global status. * The common basis of the Post Cold-War Order has been set in a series of treaties as  relying on democracy and human rights. But are these interpreted similarly in various cultures and political systems? ("hypocritical Western pretext for Imperialism") * 
Poverty and the environment , two critical policy issues without boundary. They must be tackled in coordination and collaboration in a protracted ongoing  effort. The effort necessitates extensive intervention of richer countries in weaker ones, curbing their sovereignty and independence.  Can it be done in any other way that would not violate the norms and understanding of the international society?

7. CHAPTER 3 International History 1900-99

8. World War I – The Great War
Began between European on European battle field and strike across the globe
First modern, industrialized total war
High number of casualties
The deconstruction on a massive scale.
Countries entered the war based on patriotic and nationalist rhetoric.
The misperception of the battlefield led to the massive detriment.

9. World War I – The Great War
War totally mobilized men and women.
Women were recruited to work in defensive military industries
Men were conscripted into armies.
The war finally ended with the agreement conference in Paris.
Versailles Peace Treaty was signed to promise on truce and the responsibility on the damage of the aftermath
After the war ended, Versailles treaty was signed requiring Germany to compensate the Allied forces.
The framework of the treaty was for security of European and a new international orders.

10. World War II
Versailles Peace Treaty failed to tackle to problem of European security.
Germany revanchism? by creating new states and contested borders.
The Wall Street crash of 1929 The Great Depression
Appeal of Communist, fascist and Nazi parties
Adolf Hitler, the leader of Nazi party, achieved its power and began the strategy of state transformation.
They believed in racial supremacy with territorial expansion.

11. World War II
Britain and French attempt to negotiate with Hitler and ended up with the Munich agreement given Sudetenland territory in Czechoslovakia as a price of peace.
German seized the rest of Czechoslovakia and prepared to attack Poland.
There were about 1.2 million were killed, not only Jews but also prisoners from all over Europe
Anti-Semitism and the development of concentration camp - Auschwitz camp
The new political lexicon; “holocaust” added.

12. The Rise of Japan
In1868, Japan has emerged from its isolationism – industrial and military modernization and then imperial expansion
Japanese aggression against Manchuria in 1931 Ineffective international responses – The league of Nations
China was invaded by Japan in 1937.
US economic sanctions against Japanese military precipitated attack on US fleet at Pearl Harbor in 1941
Japan was defeated in 1945
The world entered the nuclear age - the destruction of Japanese cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

13. End of Empire
Decolonization after WWII was influenced by many factors (attitude of the colonial power, the ideology and strategy of anti-imperialist forces.)
India was colonized by Britain, the decolonization in India creates the world’s largest democracy.
Division of India and Pakistan led to inter-communal ethnic cleansing and hundreds of thousands of deaths.
Ethnic/religious conflicts exacerbated by colonial government structures were reignited by decolonization

14. End of Empire

15. Cold War Conflict between USSR (communist) and USA (Liberalism)
No direct arm but propaganda, excoriate and proxy war
Domino Theory
Marshall plan – strengthened ties between Western Europe and US
Truman doctrine - American foreign policy created to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion (Greece and Turkey – for economy and protect from communist)
Proxy war – Korean war and Vietnam war
Vietnam war – communist won the Vietnam war
Korean war – divided North Korea (China and Soviet) and South Korea (USA)
NATO or Atlantic Treaty Organization
A founding principle was that an attack on one NATO member was to be considered an attack on all

16. Discussion
What do you think the world would look like now without WWI?
How has the Cold War influenced your country?
How has colonization impacted your national identity?
Do you think decolonization was more harmful than maintaining colonial structures?
How could non-intervention be detrimental to international society?
Is China a hegemonic power and if so what do you think its responsibilities are in the international community?