1. “Operation Desert Storm”
Gulf War I
1990
“Operation Desert Storm”

2. Saddam Hussein
Dictator of Iraq – (24 years)

3. Saddam’s sons
Uday Hussein
Qusay Hussein

4. Why did Saddam Hussein attack Kuwait?
- Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraqi petroleum
- The state of Kuwait was annexed, and Hussein announced in a few days that it was
the 19th province of Iraq.
- Iraqi forces massed on the border before the invasion
Why did Saddam Hussein attack Kuwait?
Iraq was $80 Billion in debt
Saddam wanted Kuwaiti oil (pure greed)

5. Diplomatic steps to avoid war
Before the invasion
When Iraqi forces massed on the Kuwait border, we did not believe he would actually attack.
We thought Iraq just intended to pressure Kuwait for oil money to pay the debt.
USA assured Saddam Hussein that we, “did not intend to start an economic war with Iraq”.
Kuwait did not have its forces on alert and were caught off guard.
After the invasion
Stern warning: “Immediately leave Kuwait”.
U.S. Ambassador in Iraq
April Glaspie

6. Kuwait Occupation by Iraq
7 month-long occupation
Looted Kuwait's vast wealth
Reports of violations of human rights
Saddam Hussein appointed new leaders in Kuwait
1. Alaa Hussein Ali as the Prime Minister of the "Provisional Government of Free Kuwait"
2. Ali Hassan al-Majid as the de facto governor of Kuwait.[
“Scorched Earth” policy
Iraqi forces set oil wells on fire as they
are forced out of Kuwait

7. USA involvement The Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait was
unanimously condemned by all major world powers.
USSR and China, placed arms embargo on Iraq.
USA issued an ultimatum to Iraq to withdraw its
forces from Kuwait by 15 January 1991 or face war.
General
Schwartzkoff
Pres Bush

8. Blood for Oil? Many liberalists believe that Pres Bush
led the USA into the Iraq war to preserve
oil flow from the Middle East.

9. USA Leadership in the battle
Left to right…
General Colin Powell
General “Stormin” Norman Schwartzkoff
Paul Wolfowitz (Under Sec of Defense)

10. Coalition Domination
“Coalition”: A coalition is a pact or treaty among individuals or
groups, during which they cooperate in joint action

11. List of Coalition forces by number of military personnel
Country
Number of Personnel
Comments / Major Events
 United States
575, ,000
Operation Desert Shield Battle of Khafji Battle of 73 Easting Battle of Al Busayyah Battle of Phase Line Bullet Battle of Medina Ridge Battle of Wadi Al-Batin Battle of Norfolk Operation Desert Storm
 Saudi Arabia
60, ,000
Operation Desert Shield Battle of Khafji Operation Desert Storm
 United Kingdom
53,462[1]
Operation Granby
 Egypt
20,000
Operation Desert Storm
 France
18,000
Opération Daguet
 Syria
14,500
 Morocco
13,000
Security Personnel
 Kuwait
9,900
Invasion of Kuwait Operation Desert Storm

12. Oman
6,300
Operation Desert Storm
 Pakistan
4, ,500
Backup team
 Canada
4,500
Operation FRICTION
 United Arab Emirates
4,300
 Qatar
2,600
Battle of Khafji
 Bangladesh
2,200
(Operation Moru-prantar) Security Personnel including 2 field Ambulance teams
 Italy
1,200
Deployed Panavia Tornado strike attack aircraft, Naval deployment
 Australia
700
Australian contribution to the 1991 Gulf War
 Netherlands
Naval deployment; Air Force deployments of Surface-to-Air Missiles to Turkey and Israel
 Niger
600
Patroller group
 Sweden
525[2]
Field hospital
 Argentina
500
Navy / Air Force
 Senegal
Base Guards
 Spain
500 on the field / 3,000 off the coast
Engineers
 Bahrain
400
 Belgium
Base Engineers
 Poland
319
Operation Simoom Naval & medical deployment
 South Korea
314
Medical & transportation support
 Czechoslovakia
200
Operation Desert Shield Operation Desert Storm Czechoslovakia in the Gulf War
 Greece
Pilots
 Denmark
100
HDMS Olfert Fischer (Niels Juel Class Korvet)
 New Zealand
2 C-130 Hercules transporter aircraft[3]
 Hungary 50
 Norway
Naval & medical deployment

13. Military assault on Iraqi forces stationed in Kuwait January 1991.
By January 16, Allied aircraft were targeting several Iraqi military sites and the Iraqi Air Force was destroyed.
Hostilities continued until late February and on February 25, Kuwait was officially liberated from Iraq.
On 15 March 1991, the Emir of Kuwait returned to the country after spending more than 8 months in exile

14. The Coalition flew over 100,000 sorties, dropping 88,500 tons of bombs
Definition of a bad day… being on the receiving end of one of these bad boys !!

15. Pushing Iraqis back into Iraq
Hundreds of Iraqi troops were killed.
American, British, and French forces continued to pursue retreating Iraqi forces over the border
and back into Iraq, eventually moving to within 150 miles of Baghdad before
- Withdrawing back to Iraq's border with Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

16. Final Outcomes
100 hours after the ground campaign started, cease fire.
Kuwait was liberated
Saddam Hussein was left in power in Iraq