1. A group of individuals of a single species that occupies a certain area is called a(n)
ecosystem.
family.
population.
community.
C. Population

2. A group of individuals of a single species that occupies a certain area is called a(n)
ecosystem.
family.
population.
community.
C. Population

3. Which of the following would be a community-level study in ecology?
Which organisms are hunters on an African plain.
Which males in a group get to mate with the females.
How heavy rainfall affects the survival of the organisms of the southern California desert.
How amphibians respond to pollution.
A. Which organisms dominate the hunting hierarchy on an African plain

4. Which of the following would be a community-level study in ecology?
Which organisms are hunters on an African plain.
Which males in a group get to mate with the females.
How heavy rainfall affects the survival of the organisms of the southern California desert.
How amphibians respond to pollution.
A. Which organisms dominate the hunting hierarchy on an African plain

5. Where would hummingbirds appear on a food chain
Where would hummingbirds appear on a food chain? (Hint: They eat nectar made by plants.)
Producers.
Primary consumers.
Secondary consumers.
Detritivores.
B. Primary consumers

6. Where would hummingbirds appear on a food chain
Where would hummingbirds appear on a food chain? (Hint: They eat nectar made by plants.)
Producers.
Primary consumers.
Secondary consumers.
Detritivores.
B. Primary consumers

7. What form of symbiosis benefits one species of the interaction while having no effect on the other?
Mutualism.
Parasitism.
Symbiosis.
Commensalism.
D. Commensalism

8. What form of symbiosis benefits one species of the interaction while having no effect on the other?
Mutualism.
Parasitism.
Symbiosis.
Commensalism.
Explanation:
Commensalism is a form of symbiosis that benefits one species of the interaction while having no effect on the other. Mutualism benefits both species. Parasitism benefits one species at the expense of the other.
D. Commensalism

9. True or false?: The amount of organic matter in an ecosystem is sometimes referred to as its primary productivity.
True
False
B. False

10. True or false?: The amount of organic matter in an ecosystem is sometimes referred to as its primary productivity.
True
False
Explanation:
The amount of organic matter in an ecosystem is sometimes referred to as its biomass.
B. False

11. In an energy pyramid, there is less energy at the top of the pyramid because
not all the organisms at one trophic level are eaten by organisms at the next trophic level.
energy is lost to the environment as heat.
maintenance and producing feces use a lot of the energy an organism takes in.
all of the above.
D. All of the choices.

12. In an energy pyramid, there is less energy at the top of the pyramid because
not all the organisms at one trophic level are eaten by organisms at the next trophic level.
energy is lost to the environment as heat.
maintenance and producing feces use a lot of the energy an organism takes in.
all of the above.
D. All of the choices.

13. Every chemical reaction involves
maintaining body systems.
losing energy to the environment.
the destruction of a small amount of matter.
all of the above.
C. Losing energy to the environment.

14. Every chemical reaction involves
maintaining body systems.
losing energy to the environment.
the destruction of a small amount of matter.
all of the above.
C. Losing energy to the environment.

15. Which biome might be described as warm, moderately dry, grassy, and tropical?
Tundra.
Coniferous.
Chaparral.
Savanna.
D. Savanna

16. Which biome might be described as warm, moderately dry, grassy, and tropical?
Tundra.
Coniferous.
Chaparral.
Savanna.
D. Savanna

17. What do we call a habitat where freshwater areas join oceans?
The intertidal zone.
An estuary.
A reef.
A barrier island.
B. An estuary

18. What do we call a habitat where freshwater areas join oceans?
The intertidal zone.
An estuary.
A reef.
A barrier island.
B. An estuary

19. Which of the following biogeochemical cycles relies on bacteria to convert an element to usable form?
Nitrogen cycle.
Water cycle.
Carbon cycle.
Phosphorous cycle.
A. Nitrogen cycle

20. Which of the following biogeochemical cycles relies on bacteria to convert an element to usable form?
Nitrogen cycle.
Water cycle.
Carbon cycle.
Phosphorous cycle.
Explanation:
In order for living organisms to make use of nitrogen, it has to be converted into usable form. Living organisms rely on bacteria to accomplish this transformation.
A. Nitrogen cycle

21. What types of species can survive with few nutrients and little existing organic matter?
Climax community species.
Pioneer species.
Native species.
None of the above.
B. Pioneer species

22. What types of species can survive with few nutrients and little existing organic matter?
Climax community species.
Pioneer species.
Native species.
None of the above.
B. Pioneer species

23. According to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,
regular disturbances limit biodiversity by destroying habitat.
regular disturbances encourage the invasion of nonnative species.
regular disturbances, if not too extreme, actually contribute to biodiversity.
all of the above.
C. Regular disturbances, if not too extreme, actually contribute to biodiversity.

24. According to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,
regular disturbances limit biodiversity by destroying habitat.
regular disturbances encourage the invasion of nonnative species.
regular disturbances, if not too extreme, actually contribute to biodiversity.
all of the above.
C. Regular disturbances, if not too extreme, actually contribute to biodiversity.

25. Which of the following situations might encourage a population of trout to undergo exponential growth?
Introduction of a small population of trout to a lake without predators or competitors.
Overstocking of a population of trout in a lake.
Disease spreading through a population of trout.
Introduction of several bass into the lake.
A. Introduction of a small population of trout to a lake without predators or competitors

26. Which of the following situations might encourage a population of trout to undergo exponential growth?
Introduction of a small population of trout to a lake without predators or competitors.
Overstocking of a population of trout in a lake.
Disease spreading through a population of trout.
Introduction of several bass into the lake.
A. Introduction of a small population of trout to a lake without predators or competitors

27. What is carrying capacity?
The ideal number of individuals or population density in a habitat.
The usual number of individuals or population density the habitat supports.
The minimum number of individuals or population density the habitat can support.
The maximum number of individuals or population density the habitat can support.
D. The maximum number of individuals or population density the habitat can support

28. What is carrying capacity?
The ideal number of individuals or population density in a habitat.
The usual number of individuals or population density the habitat supports.
The minimum number of individuals or population density the habitat can support.
The maximum number of individuals or population density the habitat can support.
D. The maximum number of individuals or population density the habitat can support

29. A blue whale is an example of
an r-selected species.
a K-selected species.
a species that can vary its reproductive strategy based on environmental conditions.
a species with a strategy that is between r- and K-selected.
B. A K-selected species

30. A blue whale is an example of
an r-selected species.
a K-selected species.
a species that can vary its reproductive strategy based on environmental conditions.
a species with a strategy that is between r- and K-selected.
B. A K-selected species

31. Which statement is verifiable and true about the human population?
It is decreasing.
The rate of growth is declining.
It is beyond carrying capacity.
The rate of growth is increasing.
B. The rate of growth is declining.

32. Which statement is verifiable and true about the human population?
It is decreasing.
The rate of growth is declining.
It is beyond carrying capacity.
The rate of growth is increasing.
B. The rate of growth is declining.

33. During a demographic transition,
death rates decline first, followed by birth rates.
birth rates decline first, and then death rates decline.
birth rates decline, but death rates stay the same.
death rates and birth rates decline simultaneously.
A. Death rates decline first, followed by birth rate decline.

34. During a demographic transition,
death rates decline first, followed by birth rates.
birth rates decline first, and then death rates decline.
birth rates decline, but death rates stay the same.
death rates and birth rates decline simultaneously.
A. Death rates decline first, followed by birth rate decline.