1. Health

2. objectives
By the end of this lecture students should understand: 1-WHO definition of health. 2-Dimentions of health. 3- Spectrum of health.

3. Definition of Health

4. WHO Definition
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity.”
Now added
“the ability to lead a socially and economically productive life.”
The concept of health as defined by WHO is broad and positive in its implications; it sets out the standard of “positive” health.

5. Traditionally health has been considered as an absence of the diseases and if someone was free from disease, then that person was considered healthy.
This concept is known as biomedical concept, and it has a basis on the“germ theory of the disease.”

6. Philosophy of Health

7. Ecological Concept
Ecologists viewed health as a dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment, and disease – a maladjustment of the human organism to environment.

8. CHANGING CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
Health is perceived in different ways giving rise to
various concepts of health. Health has evolved over
the centuries as a concept from an individual concern
to a worldwide social goal.
Biomedical Concept
Health means “absence of disease.”
It was felt that human body is a machine and disease is an outcome of the breakdown of the machine, and one of the doctor’s tasks was to repair the machine.
Developments in medical and social sciences led to the conclusion that the biomedical concept of health was inadequate.

9. Psychosocial Concept
Advances in social sciences showed that health is not only a biomedical phenomenon, but one which is
influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic
and political factors of the people concerned. Thus
health is both a biological and social phenomenon.
Holistic Concept
Holistic concept recognizes the strength of social, economic, political and environmental influences on health.
It has been variously described as multidimensional process involving the wellbeing of the person as a whole
The emphasis is on the promotion and protection of health.

10. Holistic concept Health Social economic Health protection Envirnmental
Health promotion
Health
Envirnmental
Political
Holistic concept

11. Dimensions of Health

12. DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
Health is multidimensional and are interrelated, each has its own nature
Physical Dimension
“Perfect functioning” of the body.
It conceptualizes health biologically as a state in which every cell and every organ are functioning at optimum capacity and in perfect harmony with the rest of the body.
Mental Dimension
Ability to respond to many varied experiences of life with flexibility and a sense of purpose.
Mental health has been defined as “a state of balance between the individual and the surrounding world, a state of harmony between oneself and others.

13. Social Dimension
Harmony and integration with the individual, between each individual and other members of society, and between individuals and the world in which they live.
“quantity and quality of an individual’s interpersonal ties and the extent of involvement with the community.”
Spiritual Dimension
Refers to our personal beliefs and values.
Spiritual health refers to “something” that transcends physiology and psychology.

14. Emotional Dimension
Relates to “feeling.” it reflects emotional aspects of humanness.
Vocational Dimension
Work often plays a role in promoting both physical and mental health.
Physical work is usually associated with an improvement in physical capacity, while goal achievement and self-realization in work are a source of contentment and enhanced self-esteem.
Others
A few other dimensions have also been suggested such as philosophical dimension, cultural dimension, socioeconomic dimension, environmental dimension, educational dimension, nutritional dimension, and so on.

15. Spectrum of Health

16. SPECTRUM OF HEALTH This concept of health emphasizes that health of an
individual is a dynamic phenomenon and a process of
continuous change, subject to repeated, fine variations
Transition from optimum health to ill health is often gradual, and where one state ends and other begins is a matter of judgment.
Different stages are positive health, better health, freedom from sickness, unrecognized sickness, mild sickness, severe sickness, and death.

17. Positive health
Better health
Freedom from sickness
Unrecognized sickness
Mild sickness
Severe sickness
Death