1. Life Is Not A Spectator Sport Bystander Intervention Approach to Prevention Kim Dude Director of the Wellness Resource Center University of Missouri

2. Facts There is no silver bullet
There is no one right answer or approach
It is not the responsibility of one office
It is not the responsibility of one person

3. Components of Successful Prevention Programs US Department of Education’s Higher Education Center
Comprehensive
Strong leadership from the top
Faculty Involvement
Staff involvement
Student involvement
Community involvement
Parental involvement

4. Assess the problem
Analyze your options
Implement the program
Evaluate

5. What guides our prevention efforts?
Data
Evaluation
Best Practices from the field

6. Approaches to Prevention
Decision Making
Responsible
Harm Reduction/ Health Protection
Environmental Management
Social Norming
Bystander intervention

7. Empowering Students to be Part of the Solution

8. I want to start a revolution!

9. I want to create a culture of caring. A culture where everyone matters
I want to create a culture of caring. A culture where everyone matters Where everyone can make a difference!

10. What situations have you witnessed, at least once, where someone’s health and safety were in danger?
Student drinking too much
Student being hazed
Student being taken advantage of sexually
Hate speech
Student you suspect has an eating disorder
Student who seems very depressed

11. “Most health problems and social injustices are witnessed by bystanders.” Dr. Alan Berkowitz

12. A bystander is a person who…
Sees a problem or a potential problem
Has the ability to influence the outcome of the situation
May or may not intervene
Amy Kiger and Jenny Rabas University of Central Missouri

13. Types of Bystanders
Active—chooses to intervene
Passive—watches and does nothing or leaves.

14. The 5 Decision Making Steps
Notice the Event
Interpret the Event as a Problem/Emergency
Assume Personal Responsibility
Know How To Help
Implement the Help
Latane, B., Darley, J.M. (1970)
For each Decision Making Step, we will be discussing reasons why people may not help, followed by strategies to overcome these challenges.
Emphasize once again to the group that failure at any one of the steps will result in no help!

15. Options for intervening
Direct-intervening in the situation directly
Distract-intentionally distracting the person so that an intervention can take place without them realizing it.
Delegate-finding someone to help you intervene in the situation.
Green Dot

16. L.I.N.A.S.S. Life Is Not A Spectator Sport

17. LINASS Learning Objectives
Students knowledge of the role peer pressure plays in their drinking behavior will increase
Students knowledge of accurate peer drinking norms will increase and their misperceptions about peer drinking behavior will decrease

18. LINASS Learning Objectives
Students knowledge of bystander intervention theory will increase
Students knowledge of how to intervene will increase
Students knowledge of how to detect alcohol poisoning and how to intervene will increase

19. Who we have trained? Fraternity and sorority members
Greek recruitment counselors
Residence hall student staff
New members of sororities and fraternities
Freshmen athletes
Peer educators

20. Example of a program

21. Sisterhood/Brotherhood is not a spectator sport.

22. What do you value?

23. Why did you join your sorority/fraternity?

24. Reasons for joining the Greek system MU Greek Survey, 2010 n=403
Brotherhood/Sisterhood %
Make friends %
Leadership opportunities %
Career Development %
Networking %
Philanthropy %
Social events that do not include alcohol 58.1%
Social events that do include alcohol 40.3%

25. Beliefs regarding alcohol and Greeks MU Greek Survey, 2010 n=404
96.5% agree that it is important to represent the Greek system in a positive manner.
85.2% of Greek students think that it is never OK to look like they are out of control while out drinking with friends.

26. Beliefs Regarding Alcohol and Greeks MU Greek Survey, 2010 n=403
77.9% agree that Greeks have a reputation of heavy drinking.
Only 11.4% are proud of the reputation that Greeks have in regards to partying.

27. Is alcohol a problem on our campus?
Not a problem at all
A problem for some
It is a big problem
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28. What are they negative consequences of student drinking?
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29. How many MU students drink alcohol?
100%
90%
80%
50%
30%
Picture:

30. How many MU students drink to intoxication when they drink?
100%
90%
65%
45%
Less than 25%

31. How many Greek students drink to the point of intoxication?
100%
90%
65%
45%
Less than 25%

32. MU Comparison data Binge* Rate All student 51% 37%
Binge* Rate
All student % %
Greek Students % 62%
Percentages on the slide are from the 2hr definition. When looking at 5+ drinks in one sitting, the following statistics apply:
2007 All Students 45.5%
Greek Students 60.1%
ResHall Students 37.6%
2011 All Students 46%
Greek Students 62.6%
Residence Hall 40.6%
*Binge Drinking defined as consuming 5+ drinks in a 2 hour period. Students were asked to report the frequency of their behavior in the past two weeks. Percentages were taken from all students in the population, not just those self-reported as consuming alcohol in the past year. ( MCHBS)

33. Why do students drink?
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34. Why do some students get drunk?
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35. Who would have the biggest impact on decreasing the number of students who drink to the point of intoxication?
Administration
Bar owners
Parents
Faculty
Police
Fellow students

36. Does peer pressure exist in college?
Yes I feel it everyday
I occasionally feel it
It may be there but I am not affected by it.
By the time we are in college peer pressure does not exist.
Picture:

37. Have you ever done something under the influence of alcohol you regretted later?
Yes many times
Yes a few times
Never
No I don’t drink

38. Have you ever done something under the influence of alcohol that you wish a friend had stopped you from doing?
Yes many times
Yes a few times
Never
No I don’t drink

40. “If not now, when? If not us, who?” Robert Kennedy

41. I believe problematic situations can be avoided if someone intervenes.
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

42. I believe it is MY responsibility to intervene in a problematic situation.
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

43. How many MU students would intervene if a friend had alcohol poisoning?
Over 90%
80%
50%
25%
10%

44. What would you do if you suspected that a friend had alcohol poisoning?
Call 911 or take to emergency room
Think it was not my business
Be afraid to call for fear of getting in trouble
Assumed someone else would deal with it

45. Why do you think students would not intervene?

46. Reasons why people don’t intervene.
Assumed it wasn’t a problem.
It was none of my business.
Assumed someone else would do something.
Believed others weren’t bothered.
Didn’t know when/how to intervene.
Felt my safety would be at risk.

47. 94. 4% of MU students would want someone to intervene to help them
94.4% of MU students would want someone to intervene to help them. Bystander Survey, 2011

48. Give Me Five!!!! 5 1 4 3 2

51. Bartender School
Picture:

52. What is a standard drink?
12 oz. Domestic Beer
10 oz. Microbrew Beer
8-9 oz. Malt Liquor
5 oz. Wine
1.5 oz. Hard Liquor
A domestic beer is usually 5% alcohol, Wine is usually 12% alcohol, and hard liquor is usually 40% alcohol.

54. Factors that affect intoxication
Number of drinks
Speed of drinking
Gender of drinker
If the drinker has eaten
If the drink is carbonated
If the drinker is taking any other drugs

55. Calculating Your B.A.C.
iPhone application

56. Consequences: Binge Drinkers vs. Non-Binge Drinkers (2012 MCHBS)
% Difference (Binge Drinkers are % more/less likely)
% Trouble w/ Campus Admin
240%
% Trouble w/ Law Enforcement
281%
% Missed Class
208%
% Blackout or Memory Loss
153%
% Drove after drinking
77%
% Rode w/ someone who drank
57%
% Risky sexual behavior
218%
% Difference was calculated by
(Binge % - Non Binge %) / (Non Binge %)

57. Myths How can I help someone who is drunk?
Give them a cold shower?
Walk them around?
Give them coffee?
Give them lots of water?
Give them some aspirin?

58. What can sober up a drunk person?

59. What are the signs of alcohol poisoning?
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60. Signs of Alcohol Poisoning
Unconscious/Semi-conscious
Vomiting while asleep or passed out
Skin is cold, clammy, pale, or bluish
Nonresponsive to sound/pain
Slow or irregular breathing
Irregular pulse
Bullet 5 – I like to tell people to make sure to watch for someone’s breathing when they are unaware of it. Also look for a respiration rate of 8 or lower. This is an issue b/c results in too little oxygen flow to the vital organs and brain.
Bullet 6 – I like to teach people how to check a pulse. Focus on the carotid artery because it is close to the heart and easy to find. If the pulse is down around 40 you should start to be concerned because the average drop in sleeping BP is 8% of daily resting rate, so 40 is pretty low for most individuals. However, use these other signs and symptoms as determinants as well.

61. How to: Handle Alcohol Poisoning
Signs and symptoms
Confusion
Vomiting
Slow or irregular breathing
Unconscious
Cold, clammy, or bluish skin
What to do
Call 911
Position person on their side
Backpack method
Stay with them until help arrives

62. What to do if you suspect alcohol poisoning?
Call 911 or take to the emergency room
Turn person onto their side to prevent choking
Stay with them until medical help arrives
98.9% of MU students would help a friend they suspected had alcohol poisoning by calling 911 or taking them to the hospital.
(Wellness Survey, 2011).
Bullet 2 – you can teach them the recovery position (Bacchus maneuver) and teach them about backpacking their friends.

63. If You Call 911: Identify yourself
State your problem and what you feel you need
Give your specific location and your phone number
Make sure your address is clearly visible
Clear a path for the emergency personnel to get to the person
Have someone meet the emergency personnel and escort them to the person who needs attention.

64. L.I.N.A.S.S. is stepping up, are you?

65. "The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in
moments of comfort and convenience,
but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy."
Martin Luther King, Jr.

66. Other areas where bystander efforts can work
Sexual assault/rape
Bullying
Hate speech
Depression and suicide
Disordered eating

67. Questions or Comments