1. Ch.33-4 Notes Effects of Drugs on Nervous System
EQ: What is a neuron transmitter and how does taking drugs affect how our nervous system work?
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2. Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.4 Effects of Drugs
How Drugs Work
A drug is a substance, natural or artificial, that alters the function of the body.

3. Chapter 33
Nervous System

4. Some drugs affect the nervous system in the following ways:
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.4 Effects of Drugs
Some drugs affect the nervous system in the following ways:
can cause an increase in the amount of a neurotransmitter that is released into a synapse
can block a receptor site on a dendrite, preventing a neurotransmitter from binding
can prevent a neurotransmitter from leaving a synapse
can imitate a neurotransmitter

5. Many drugs that affect the nervous system influence the level of
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.4 Effects of Drugs
Many drugs that affect the nervous system
influence the level of
a neurotransmitter
called dopamine.
Normally, dopamine is removed from a synapse by being
reabsorbed by the neuron that released it.

6. Classes of Commonly Abused Drugs
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.4 Effects of Drugs
Classes of Commonly Abused Drugs
Stimulants
Drugs that increase alertness and physical activity
Nicotine
Caffeine

7. Drugs that tend to slow down the central nervous system
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.4 Effects of Drugs
Depressants
Drugs that tend to slow down the central nervous system
Alcohol
Inhalants
Illegal drugs

8. Tolerance and Addiction
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.4 Effects of Drugs
Tolerance and Addiction
Tolerance occurs when a person needs more and more of the same drug to get the same effect.
The psychological and/or physiological dependence on a drug is addiction.

9. Chapter Resource Menu Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Nervous System
Chapter Resource Menu
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Formative Test Questions
Chapter Assessment Questions
Standardized Test Practice
biologygmh.com
Glencoe Biology Transparencies
Image Bank
Vocabulary
Animation
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson.

10. Which is not one of the main parts of a neuron?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Which is not one of the main parts of
a neuron?
axon
cell body
dendrites
nucleus

11. Another name for a nerve impulse is _______.
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Another name for a nerve impulse
is _______.
synapse
threshold
reflex arc
action potential

12. What occurs when a motor neuron synapses with a muscle cell?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
What occurs when a motor neuron
synapses with a muscle cell?
muscle contracts
muscle relaxes
pain
numbness

13. What type of neuron begins a reflex arc?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.1 Formative Questions
What type of neuron begins a reflex arc?
interneuron
motor neuron
sensory neuron
transmitter neuron

14. What is another name for nerve impulse?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.1 Formative Questions
What is another name for nerve impulse?
synapsis
threshold
action potential
neurotransmitter

15. A stronger stimulus will cause a stronger action potential.
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.1 Formative Questions
True or False
A stronger stimulus will cause a stronger
action potential.

16. the high concentration gradients of potassium ions inside the cell and
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.1 Formative Questions
When a neuron is at
rest, what maintains
the high concentration
gradients of potassium
ions inside the cell and
sodium ions outside
the cell?

17. diffusion osmosis active transport ion channels
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.1 Formative Questions
diffusion
osmosis
active transport
ion channels

18. Which is not part of the central nervous system?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.2 Formative Questions
Which is not part of the central nervous
system?
brain
spinal cord
interneurons
sensory neurons

19. What does the cerebrum regulate?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.2 Formative Questions
What does the cerebrum regulate?
breathing and heart rates
complex motor skills
sleep, aggression, and fear
voluntary body movements

20. Some reflexes are processed only in the
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.2 Formative Questions
True or False
Some reflexes are processed only in the
spinal cord and do not need input from the
brain.

21. What is a nerve? a bundle of axons a chain of neurons
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.2 Formative Questions
What is a nerve?
a bundle of axons
a chain of neurons
a sensory synapse
a series of impulses

22. What part of the nervous system is usually under voluntary control?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.2 Formative Questions
What part of the nervous system is usually
under voluntary control?
autonomic nervous system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system

23. What are sensory receptors?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.3 Formative Questions
What are sensory receptors?
cells that create action potentials and
thresholds
localized areas of the central nervous
system
chemicals that cross a synapse between
two nerve cells
specialized neurons for detecting the
world around you

24. Which part of the eye contains light- detecting receptors?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.3 Formative Questions
Which part of the eye contains light-
detecting receptors?

25. What is the function of the optic nerve?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.3 Formative Questions
What is the function of the optic nerve?
It forms a visual image.
It controls the muscles of the iris.
It interprets light intensity and colors.
It sends action potentials to the brain.

26. Where are sound vibrations converted into nerve impulses?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.3 Formative Questions
Where are sound vibrations converted
into nerve impulses?

27. Where are the sensory receptors that
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.3 Formative Questions
Where are the sensory receptors that
detect your body’s position and motion?

28. It is an artificial substance. It influences the nervous system.
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.4 Formative Questions
Why is caffeine a drug?
It is a depressant.
It is an artificial substance.
It influences the nervous system.
It builds tolerance to its effects.

29. Which neurotransmitter is influenced by
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.4 Formative Questions
Which neurotransmitter is influenced by
nicotine and amphetamines, and is involved
with most types of addiction?
adenosine
dopamine
epinephrine
serotonin

30. Which is not a stimulant?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.4 Formative Questions
Which is not a stimulant?
alcohol
caffeine
nicotine
methamphetamine

31. What is the term for the body’s decreased response to a drug?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.4 Formative Questions
What is the term for the body’s decreased
response to a drug?
addiction
dependence
tolerance
withdrawal

32. When people who are addicted try to quit, why
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.4 Formative Questions
When people who are addicted try to quit, why
is it difficult to resist going back to the drug?
Adenosine levels increase.
Dopamine levels decrease.
The central nervous system slows down.
Action potentials in neurons become
stronger.

33. Physiological dependence on a drug is
Chapter 33
Nervous System
33.4 Formative Questions
True or False
Physiological dependence on a drug is
stronger than psychological dependence.

34. Name the part of the brain that is responsible for memory.
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Chapter Assessment Questions
Name the part of
the brain that is
responsible for
memory.
hypothalamus
medulla oblongata
cerebrum
cerebellum

35. Contrast the functions of the cerebellum and the cerebrum.
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Chapter Assessment Questions
Contrast the functions of the cerebellum
and the cerebrum.
Answer: The cerebellum controls balance,
coordination, and motor skills.
The cerebrum controls learning,
memory, speech, voluntary body
movements, and sensory
perception.

36. What part of the brain is identified in the image? pons cerebrum
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Chapter Assessment Questions
What part of the
brain is identified in
the image?
pons
cerebrum
hypothalamus
medulla oblongata

37. How do nerve impulses travel in a neuron?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Standardized Test Practice
How do nerve impulses travel in a neuron?
dendrite cell body axon
dendrite cell body axon
dendrite cell body axon

38. What carries signals from the axon of one
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Standardized Test Practice
What carries signals from the axon of one
neuron to the dendrite of another neuron?
interneurons
ion channels
neural nodes
neurotransmitters

39. Which word best describes the hypothalamus?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Standardized Test Practice
Which word best describes the
hypothalamus?
processor
reflexor
regulator
transmitter

40. What part of the brain is highly developed
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Standardized Test Practice
What part of the brain is highly developed
in animals that have finely tuned balance
and complex coordination?
cerebellum
medulla
thalamus
temporal lobe

41. How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Standardized Test Practice
How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous systems act together?
They send and receive neurotransmitters.
They send opposing signals to the same
organs.
They balance voluntary and involuntary
responses.
They receive the same impulses from
different receptors.

42. Why is this receptor located closest to the surface of the skin?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Standardized Test Practice
Why is this receptor
located closest to the
surface of the skin?

43. It detects heavy pressure. It detects light touch.
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Standardized Test Practice
It detects cold.
It detects heat.
It detects heavy pressure.
It detects light touch.

44. What substances in the body are most
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Standardized Test Practice
What substances in the body are most
closely associated with a drug’s influence
on the nervous system?
endorphins
Na+ and K+ ions
neurotransmitters
proteins

45. Where in the nerve pathway do drugs have their primary effect?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Standardized Test Practice
Where in the nerve pathway do drugs
have their primary effect?
axons
dendrites
synapses
myelin sheaths

46. Which step is blocked by cocaine?
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Standardized Test Practice
Which step is blocked by cocaine?

47. Glencoe Biology Transparencies
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Glencoe Biology Transparencies

48. Chapter 33
Nervous System
Image Bank

49. Section 1 Vocabulary neuron dendrite cell body axon reflex arc
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Vocabulary
Section 1
neuron
dendrite
cell body
axon
reflex arc
action potential
threshold
node
synapse
neurotransmitter

50. Section 2 Vocabulary central nervous system peripheral nervous system
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Vocabulary
Section 2
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
cerebrum
medulla oblongata
pons
hypothalamus
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system

51. Section 3 Vocabulary taste bud lens retina rods cochlea
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Vocabulary
Section 3
taste bud
lens
retina
rods
cochlea
semicircular canal

52. Section 4 Vocabulary drug dopamine stimulant depressant tolerance
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Vocabulary
Section 4
drug
dopamine
stimulant
depressant
tolerance
addiction

53. Visualizing Action Potential Impulse Movement
Chapter 33
Nervous System
Animation
Visualizing Action Potential
Impulse Movement