1. Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
The online threat and challenges of an effective risk based response.
Gary KIBBEY

2. The online threat and challenges of an effective risk based response
Online threat to children
Threat vectors - where are they?
European Union direction
Global initiatives in response
UK response
Gaps, risks and challenges
Discussion and questions?

3. Online threats to children
Indecent Images of Children (IIOC)
There may be between 450,00 and 590,000 males aged in the UK who have at some point viewed child sexual abuse images. (NSPCC, 2016)
Grooming - online & offline offending
Scale unknown – 10’s thousands?/Worldwide threat
Live Streaming
Technological challenges/ International
Blackmail and Extortion ‘Sextortion’
Underreporting /Links with organised crime
‘Sexting’
Volume/Criminalising children
50,000 individuals involved in downloading and sharing child sexual abuse images in (CEOP, 2013) Up to 100,000 individuals have viewed child sexual abuse images online (CEOP, 2016) Up to 100,000 individuals have viewed child sexual abuse images online (CEOP, 2016)
References
SPIRTO Project (Self-Produced Images – Risk Taking Online) et al. (2015) Young people who produce and send nude images: context, motivation and consequences (PDF). [Edinburgh]: SPIRTO Project (Self-Produced Images – Risk Taking Online).
New figures on scale of ‘sexting’
Posted on October 18, 2013
Childline released the findings of their most recent research into young people and ‘sexting’ this week. In the survey of year olds: 60 per cent said they had been asked for a sexual image or video of themselves 40 per cent said they had created an image or video of themselves 25 per cent said they had sent an image or video of themselves to someone else Over half of the young people surveyed said they had received a sexual photo or video, most received them from a partner but a third received them from a stranger Whilst most said the image went to a boyfriend or girlfriend, a third said they sent it to someone they met online but didn’t know in real life and 15 per cent said they had sent it to a total stranger.
Up to 100,000 individuals have viewed child sexual abuse images online (CEOP, 2016)

4. Where are they? Social Media The Surface web The Deep web The Dark web
Tor
Internet Relay Chat
Peer to Peer
Encrypted Applications
Live conferencing
Dark Market

5. European Union Direction
Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA on combating the sexual exploitation of children and child pornography. (22nd December 2003)
It introduces a framework of common provisions on criminalisation, sanctions, aggravating circumstances, assistance to victims and
jurisdiction.
Replaced 13th December 2011 by
DIRECTIVE 2011/92/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF COUNCIL on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography.
The Directive within its 52 points and 28 Articles sort a comprehensive approach by the public authorities and private institutions of Member States in protecting the rights of a child (age18) against sexual abuse and exploitation. The Directive sort consistency of an effective response with compatibility of legislation and penalties.

6. Global Initiatives WePROTECT - UK initiated INHOPE
Virtual Global Taskforce
Europol EC3– Empact/FP Twins
Interpol – ICSE database
UNODC
ECPAT
NCMEC

7. UK Response Key Legislation National Security and Policing Priority
Children Act 1989
S47 – Local Authorities duty to investigate significant harm
Sexual Offences Act 2003
S.5-8 Rape and other sexual offences against children under 13
S.14 Arranging or facilitating commission of a child sex offence
S.15 Meeting a child following sexual grooming (amended )
S.47 Paying for sexual services of a child
S.48 Causing or inciting ‘child prostitution’ or pornography
S.49 Controlling a child prostitute or a child involved in pornography
Children Act 2004
S11– Safeguarding and Welfare by public bodies as under the guidance of the Secretary of State
National Security and Policing Priority
SDSR (2015) / National Chief Council Policing Delivery Plan (2016)/ National Strategic Assessment of Serious and Organised Crime (2016)
Criminal Justice and Specialist Support
Child Exploitation Online Protection Centre (CEOP) /National Cyber Crime Unit (NCCU) / National Cyber Security Centre ( NCSC) / Crown Prosecution Service specialist case workers/ National & Local Government Services and the vital contribution of the charity sector.
The Child Exploitation and Online Protection Command, or CEOP Command, is a command of the UK's National Crime Agency (NCA),[1] and is tasked to work both nationally and internationally to bring online child sex offenders, including those involved in the production, distribution and viewing of child abuse material, to the UK courts.[2] The centre was formed in April 2006 as the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre, and was absorbed into the NCA on 7 October 2013 by the Crime courts act 2013

8. National Strategic Assessment of Serious and Organised Crime (2016)
Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
Key judgements
The large increase in the volume of reported crime intelligence generated from industry, and forensics continues to have very significant resourcing implications for law enforcement.
The advancement of technology poses challenges for law enforcement. Live streaming and cloud storage of CSEA content which can be hosted on infrastructure outside UK jurisdiction, together with challenges in identifying online offenders, mean that current law enforcement approaches may need to be refined.
The practice of live streaming is one example of how offenders can simultaneously create indecent images of children (IIOC) online, view IIOC, and commit contact abuse by proxy overseas. This convergence across all CSEA threat areas is an indicator of the threat evolving with new technologies.

9. Gaps, risks and challenges
Increase knowledge and understand of threat
Evolving threat
Technological opportunities and challenges
Appropriate response to volume/scale
Training needs
Content removal
National and transnational jurisdictional issues
High risk environment – high political/media interest
Theme of Independent Inquiries (Jayet al)
Maintain momentum with competing resources demands
and Courts Act 2013.

10. Question?
Gary KIBBEY