1. Jeopardy Rules
Teams:
Raise your hand to be called upon.
Each team takes turns, alternating between teams.
The same person can not answer twice in a row.
Everyone keeps their own score on the score sheet provided.
Click on the Star at the bottom right corner for Double Jeopardy.

3. Ecology

4. Populations

5. Global Warming

6. Soil

7. Parks,Agriculture, Fishery,Forest

8. Human Interactions

9. Parks, Agri-Forest- Fish
Ecology
Populations
Global Warming
Soil
Parks, Agri-Forest- Fish
Human Interactions
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10. Living & nonliving components of an ecosystem.

11. Biotic / Abiotic:

12. Only 10% of the usable energy is transferred because usable energy lost as heat (2nd law), not all biomass is digested & absorbed, predators expend energy to catch prey .

13. Energy flow in food webs: Trophic levels
Keystone Species
Indicator Species

14. A large distinct terrestrial region having similar climate, soil, plants & animals.
Name 4 out of the 8

15. BIOME

16. Three Forms of Symbiosis and the form shown below

17. Mutualism , Commensalism,
Parasitism

18. Life progresses where soil remains (clear cut forest, fire)
Development of communities in a lifeless area not previously inhabited by life (lava)
&
        Life progresses where soil remains (clear cut forest, fire)

19. Primary Succession & Secondary Succession

20. The number of individuals that can be sustained in an area.

21. Carrying Capacity
Limiting Factors
Overshoot
Exponential Growth

22. Strategist: that reproduce early, many small unprotected offspring.

23. R strategist: K strategist: Insects, fish, frogs Short lives
High bio potential
High reproductive rate
Rely on instinct
K strategist:
Elephants, humans, cougar
Low biotic potential
Rely on learning
Long gestation
Lower population growth

24. The name of the 3 Age structure diagrams shown.

26. 1. 1st & 2nd most populated countries: 2. World Population: 3
1. 1st & 2nd most populated countries: World Population: 3. US Population: 4. Most important thing affecting population growth.
Answer any 3 of the 4 above.

27. 70 divided by the percent growth rate Ex: 70/2%=35 years
1. China & India Billion Million Low status of woman
* Rule of 70
70 divided by the percent growth rate Ex: 70/2%=35 years

28. Name any 3 of the 4 below.

29. Preindustrial : Transitional : Industrial :. Postindustrial :

30. Greenhouse gases: Name 3 of the 630 30

31. (Examples: H2O, CO2, O3, methane (CH4), Nitous oxide (NO2) & CFC’s)
(EFFECT:  they trap outgoing infrared
(heat)  energy causing earth to warm 31 31

32. The two major productions of CO2
( Green House Gas) 32 32

33. Industry & Transportation
Carbon oxides: (Source: auto exhaust,  incomplete combustion)
(Effects: CO binds to hemoglobin reducing bloods ability to carry O2.
CO2 contributes to global warming)
(Reduction: catalytic converter, emission testing, oxygenated fuel, mass transit) 33 33

34. Three effects of global warming are:

35. Rising sea level (thermal expansion), extreme weather, droughts (famine), extinctions, melting of the polar ice caps.

36. Daily
Double!!

37. Largest reservoirs of Carbon- CO2

38. # 1 Carbonate Rocks (sediments)
# 2 Oceans

39. Protocals: 1. Controlling global warming by setting greenhouse gas emissions targets for developed countries 2. Phase out of ozone deleting substances

40. Kyoto , Japan
&
Montreal, Canada
CFC”S
Global Warming

41. The Best Soil Type – 40% silt,40 % sand & 20 % clay.

42. LOAM
By particle size- smallest to largest.
(Clay-Silt-Sand)

43. In arid regions, water evaporates leaving salts behind
In arid regions, water evaporates leaving salts behind. & Degradation of land in arid and dry sub-humid areas, resulting primarily from anthropogenic , natural activities and influenced by climatic variations.

44. Salinization Desertification
Water logging

45. Solutions to soil problems:
Name 3 ways to prevent soil degradation.

46. Conservation tillage, Crop rotation, Cover Crops Contour plowing, Terracing, Wind Breaks, Alley Cropping , Organic fertilizers

47. Name the profile layers below.
Soil Profile
Name the profile layers below.

48. Bedrock/ Parent Material
Leaf Litter
Top Soil / Humus
Subsoil
Bedrock/ Parent Material

49. Part 2. One of the two acts created to prevent soil degradation.
TWO- Parts
Part 1- ___________ Revolution usually refers to the transformation of agriculture that began in 1945.
Part 2. One of the two acts created to prevent soil degradation.

50. Green Revolution
1935 Soil Erosion Act 1977 Soil & Water Conservation Act

51. The logging and burning of trees in a forested area.
List two reasons for doing so:

52. Deforestation Charcoal Lumber Pastures Plantations- Cash Crops
Human Settlement.
Loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) up take and when tree rot they produce CO2
* Soil erosion
* Silting of water courses, lakes and dams .
* Extinction of species
* Desertification

53. Method of tree harvesting.
Forestry
Method of tree harvesting.
1. Name two
2. The best & worst.

54. Selective Cutting:
Clear Cutting:
Strip Cutting
Shelter wood Cutting:
Seed Tree Cutting

55. Environmental Impact Statements must be done before any project affecting federal lands can be started (NEPA)

56. National Environmental Policy Act:
Multiple uses US public land:
National Forest & National Resource lands
Moderately restricted use land: National Wildlife Refuges
Restricted Use lands:
National Parks, National Wilderness Preservation System (Sanctuaries)

57. As lakes become more nutrient rich from run off of fertilizers and detergents which add nitrogen and phosphorus to the lakes a process called _______ may occur.

58. Eutrophication

59. Daily
Double!!

60. FISHERY - The BLUE REVOLUTION
Three Forms of Fishing.
Creatures caught unintentionally.
3. One law that protects Marine Life.

61. 1. Long line, Drift “gill” net, Sonar, Trawlers, Purse seine.
2. By Catch
3. Magnuson Fishery Act- Over fishiing, ESA, CITES.

62. Along with population , __________ , (abundance of property) , technology and underlying sociopolitical factors are underlying factors that affect the environment.

63. Affluence
Examples of diseases of affluence include: type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, obesity, certain forms of cancer, asthma, alcoholism, depression.

64. The meaning of the following two acronyms in reference to land development.
NIMBY
&
BANANA

65. Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anything (or Anyone)
NIMBY
(not in my backyard)
BANANA
Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anything (or Anyone)

66. Environmental World Views
Which world view is represented by this view?
“Most important species but should care for the rest of nature”
Planetary Management
Stewardship
Environmental Wisdom

67. Planetary Management- we are in charge of nature.
Stewardship- care for nature.
Environmental Wisdom – nature exist for all species.

68. * changing for the better a relationship
_____________________ Ecology is the science of inventing, establishing and maintaining new habitats to conserve species diversity in places where people live, work or play.
* changing for the better a relationship

69. Reconciliation Ecology
Conservation: allows the use of resources
in a responsible manner.
 Preservation: setting aside areas & protecting them from human activities.
Utilitarianism is the belief that something is right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people for the longest time.

70. A dilemma in which multiple individuals acting independently in their own self-interest can ultimately destroy a shared limited resource even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's long term interest for this to happen.
* Give two examples of a “Global Common”.

71. The Tragedy of the Commons are used by all and owned by none.
Garret Hardin
Atmosphere & Oceans
are used by all and owned by none.

72. Double
Jeopardy!!

74. Mining

75. Water/Treatment

76. Energy

77. Toxins

78. Pollution

79. MISCELLANEOUS

80. Mining
Water/Treatment
Energy
Toxins
Pollution
Miscellaneous
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81. -requires coal strip mines to reclaim the land.
ACT /LAW
-requires coal strip mines to reclaim the land.
(SMCRA)

82. Surface Mining Control & Reclamation Act:

83. 1. Type of mining that is cheaper & can remove more minerals, less hazardous to workers.
2. Give 2 examples

84. Surface Mining Examples- Strip Contour Strip Open pit
Mountain top removal

85. Steps in coal formation:
anthracite ,peat, lignite, bituminous,
lignite, bituminous, anthracite peat,,
peat, bituminous. lignite,, anthracite
peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

86. d. peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

87. The three major types of rocks are-
ROCK CYCLE
The three major types of rocks are-

89. After ore is mined , the unusable part ( ______ ) that remains is placed in piles called _________.
Waste , Overburden
Spoil, Seam Waste
Leachate , Tailings
Spoil , Tailings

90. Mine tailings often include sulfide compounds.
Spoil , Tailings
Mine tailings often include sulfide compounds.
ACID DRAINAGE

91. _______ % of water pollution in the US come from soil erosion, atmospheric deposition and * surface run off.
25 % , 33 % 55% , 75 %

92. 75%
95% of water pollution in developing countries come from raw sewage .
(high population growth without the money for treatment plants)

93. ___________________ Act
: set maximum permissible amounts of water pollutants that can be discharged into waterways..aim to make surface waters swimmable and fishable.

94. Clean Water Act
1.5 billion people lack access to clean drinking water and 3 billion people lack good sanitation need to prevent communicable diseases from spreading.

95. Sources of Pollution _______________ pollution sources
(e.g., factories, sewage treatment plants, mines, oil wells, oil tankers)
(* Identifiable)

96. Point Sources
Nonpoint sources (e.g., acid deposition, substances picked up in runoff, seepage into groundwater)
Agriculture is largest source of water pollution in the U.S. (64% of pollutants into streams and 57% of pollutants entering lakes

97. GROUND WATER 1. Any water bearing layer in the ground.
2. Near the coast, over pumping of groundwater causes saltwater to move into the aquifer.

98. Aquifer:
Salt water intrusion:

99. The 3 major stages of Water Treatment Stage and Primary action.

100. Primary (mechanical process) – filters out debris through screens and by allowing it to settle out in a settling tank
Secondary (biological process) – uses aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to remove organic wastes, includes: trickling filters, activated sludge process (where bacteria degrades wastes) Combined w/primary, get out: most suspended particles, oxygen demanding wastes, toxic metal compounds, and SOME phosphates and nitrates…
Tertiary (chemical process) – very costly, uses membranes for: reverse osmosis, microfiltration, ultrafiltration After the last process, water is bleached w/chlorine to disinfect and then released…

101. ( Watt-hours = volts x amps x time )
An appliance operates at 120 volts and 10.0 amps for 1 hour. How many watt hours does it use in that hour?
( Watt-hours = volts x amps x time )
(A) 1.2 watt hours (B) 12 watt hours (C) 100 watt hours (D) 110 watt hours (E) watt hours

102. Watts (x) Time= kWh kilo=1000
1 Watt = 1 J / sec
(Watts = Joules/time)
Watts (x) Time= kWh kilo=1000
If you see Kw-hr, that is a measure of ENERGY (if you want to convert JOULES to WATTS, you need to divide it by TIME)
* Use exponential units when possible.

103. 1. A Car that runs on gas and electricity.
2. The meaning of CAFÉ.

104. Corporate Average Fuel Economy
HYBRID
Corporate Average Fuel Economy
standards

105. Three Forms of Non-renewable energy sources. (Fossil Fuels)
In order of World Wide consumption.

106. OIL-World reserves and global demand
Saudi Arabia – 26% - MOST, then Iraq, Kuwait, Iran…
13 countries w/the most reserves make up OPEC – set
prices (many are located in unstable areas of the world
US uses the most – 26%, then Japan, then China.
COAL- World reserves – US (biggest, 66%), then Russia, China have largest supply
Global demand – world’s most abundant fossil fuel – 225y at current rate.
NATURAL GAS- “cleanest”
World reserves – 42% in Russia and Kazakhstan,
then Iran, Qatar.
Global demand – 125y of potential reserves

107. List 4 forms of Renewable Energy Sources.

108. Wind- fastest growing source of energy
Wind- fastest growing source of energy. Solar- Heat & Photovoltaic Geothermal- Heat from the earth. Hydroelectric-Dams, Tides, Waves Biofuels- Corn , Soy beans. Hydrogen Fuel Cells- “future”

109. In addition to CO2, these are two of the main emissions from coal-fired power plants.
Answer: What are mercury, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulates/smog?

110. Mercury, Hg Sulphur dioxide, SO2 Nitrogen oxides NO2 and
Particulates/smog
Bioaccumulation inH2O.
ACID RAIN

111. LD50

112. The LD50 is the dose that kills half (50%) of the animals tested (LD = "lethal dose").

113. alternatives / solutions other than pesticides to
Name two
alternatives / solutions other than pesticides to
Control Pests
113
113

114. 1. Crop rotation
2. Poly culture.
3. Planting trap crops
4. Genetically Resistant Plants
5. Using Natural Enemies to Help Control Pests:
6. Using Biopesticides to Control Pests
7. Insect Birth Control, Sex Attractants, and Hormones
8.Hot Water: The ‘Aqua Heat’
9. Radiation:
10. Integrated Pest Management (IPM):

115. The name of the book and author written about DDT (Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane ) in 1962.

116. In 1962, Silent Spring by American biologist Rachel Carson
* Cats in Borneo & DDT

117. What is one benefit and one risk of using pesticides.
(+) (-)

118. Benefits: Risks: 1.Save human lives 2.Increase profits for farmers
3. Increase food supplies/lower cost
4.work faster/better than alternatives
5.when used properly/risks are less than
benefits
Risks:
Genetic resistance to pesticides **BIGGEST
Broad-spectrum insecticides also kill natural predators/parasites.
Pesticides don’t stay put.
Can threaten human health

119. FIFRA

120. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
– requires EPA approval for use of all commercial pesticides
EPA sets tolerance level specifying amount of toxic pesticide that can remain on crops that people eat
Banned: most chlorinated hydrocarbons, several carbamates /organophosphates

121. Term used to describe the following condition (s)- cities are warmer, rainier, foggier, cloudier than suburbs and rural areas b/c of heat generated by multiple pollutants (cars, factories,…) in the area.

122. HEAT ISLANDS

123. Which of the following is not a form of indoor air pollution?
A) Asbestos
B) Tobacco smoke
C) Formaldehyde
D) Radon
E) Brown Air Smog

124. Many pollutant level are 2-5x higher inside than outside, leads to higher risk of cancer and costs $$ b/c of absenteeism, some main ones:
-Asbestos (from pipe insulation, floor tiles) – can cause lung cancer
-# 1 Tobacco smoke (from cigarettes) – can cause lung cancer
-Formaldehyde (from furniture stuffing, insulation) – throat/lung irritation
-Radon (from radioactive soil near foundation) – causes lung cancer
-New Building syndrome – being in new buildings causes sickness b/c of reduced air exchange, chemicals from new carpets/furniture.

125. The 5 R’s
of waste reduction.

126. Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Repurpose
Refuse
* Re-buy ?

127. Is the increase in concentration of a substance, such as the pesticide DDT, that occurs in a food chain as a consequence of eating at a higher trophic layer.
Occurs within a trophic level, and is the increase in concentration of a substance in an individuals' tissues due to uptake from food and sediments in an aquatic milieu.
FOOD

128. Minamata Disease: mental impairments caused by mercury
Biomagnification
Bioaccumulation
Minamata Disease: mental impairments caused by mercury

129. Daily
Double!!

130. 3
ways to dispose of
MSW

131. The “TRASH NO ONE WANTED”
Incineration
Landfills
Recycle
Compost
Exporting waste
The “TRASH NO ONE WANTED”
from The Islip, L.I.

132. The name given to the environmental program established to address abandoned hazardous waste sites.

133. SUPERFUND The Love Canal, New York
CERCLA– Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
The Love Canal, New York

134. Which of the following means “trade off” – _____________ banking is when destruction of existing wetland/land is allowed as long as an equal area of the same type of wetland/land is created or restored
A) Preservation
B) Restoration C) Remediation D) Mitigation

135. Mitigation
Preservation – set aside land for protection – John Muir was an early leader of the preservationist movement he also founded the Sierra Club
Remediation – similar to decontamination - removal or neutralization of chemical substances from a site to prevent any adverse effects
Mitigation – (not always successful – but better than nothing)
Restoration – trying to restore a degraded habitat or ecosystem to a condition as close as possible to the pre-degraded state.

136. As a global average, she should have about 2.1 children.
How many children should each woman have to do no more than replace herself and her mate (assuming one mate)?
As a global average, she should have about 2.1 children.
Developing countries it is higher.
The number is slightly higher than two to account for infant mortality.
Reproduction at this level is called- (RFL)
____________________________

137. Replacement fertility level (RFL)
* Total fertility rate (TFR)

138. An abnormal warming of surface ocean waters in the eastern tropical Pacific, is one part of what's called the Southern Oscillation.

139. El Nino
Drought
No- Upwelling

140. The spreading of a city and its suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area.

141. also known as suburban sprawl,
“Urbanization”
* Urban Blight-A run-down area of the city

142. FINAL JEOPARDY
Founder of the

143. John Muir