1. REVISIONING THE WEST

2. The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner: “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” (1893)
Westward expansion as key to understanding patterns of American development, cornerstone of American exceptionalism
Frontier process turned Americans into Europeans, explained American character (pragmatism), nurtured American democracy. Frontier as wellspring of self-reliance, individualism, opportunity.

8. Sacagawea

9. The Feel Good Lewis and Clark

12. California as Island

15. The “Great American Desert”

18. Diversity and Dynamism: The Problem with “Culture Areas” and “Language Families”

26. John Gast, “American Progress” 1872

27. William Jewett, The Promised Land, 1850

28. Albert Bierstadt, Emigrants Crossing the Plains, 1867

29. John Williamson, “Overland Route to Rocky Mountains” (1880)

30. Thomas Moran, “Mountain of the Holy Cross,” 1875

31. Andrew Melrose, “Westward the Star of Empire Takes Its Way,” 1867

32. Charles Nahl, Miners in the Sierras, 1851-52

33. Erneste E. Narjot, “Miners: A Moment at Rest (Gold Rush Camp),” 1882

36. CONVERGENCE: Mixed Worlds and Mixed Peoples