1. Energies associated with the Sumatra Earthquakes of December 26, 2004 and March 28, Sergey Pulinets1,2, Menas Kafatos1, Dimitar Ouzounov1, Guido Cervone1, Ramesh P. Singh1,3 1Center for Earth Observing &Space Research, George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA 2 National Autonomous Univ. of Mexico (UNAM) 3IIT, Kanpur, India
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract #S42B-04

2. Introduction
Examine the energy budget of earthquakes via theory and observations for the megaquake of 26 Dec., 2005 and the large quake of 28 March, 2005
Evaluate mechanical and thermal energies
Potentially useful for warning of future events

3. Seismic Energy 26 December, 2004: Seismic moment magnitude:
Associated seismic energy from surface waves:
where
28 March, 2005:
and
The corresponding seismic moment:
where
This would correspond to a volume of land displaced
and a mass of for a density of rocks

4. Rupture Energy If yield strength (compared to elastic modulus of )
we have an energy of rupture:
where is the area over which breakage occurs
(compared to for seismic moment)
One can also compute the molecular forces and associated work to break up the plate (similar result is obtained):

5. Tsunami Energy Estimates of volume of seawater displaced range from:
However, perhaps as much volume of water was displaced as was volume of land, upwards of , we believe that may be more appropriate.
Mass of water is, :
where initial velocity where
or a tsunami energy:

6. Latent Heat where the SLHF anomaly, <Area> and time are: while
or:

7. Rotational Energy Change the rotation period of Earth
Moment of Inertia is conserved
i.e. then
Therefore change of rotational kinetic energy is estimated: or

8. Table of Energies EQ 4.3 x 1018 J - 5.5 x 1017 J
Table 1 Energies
Quantity
Value
Comments EQ
4.3 x 1018 J x 1017 J
M ~ 9.3 earthquake, and 8.7, respectively
ELH
8 x x 1019 J
Latent heat anomalies of ~ 80 Wm-2 persisting for 5 days, over six, 200 km x 200 km grids; and ~ 100 Wm-2 persisting for 10 days, over nine, 200 km x 200 km grids, respectively for the 8.7 and 9.3 associated anomalies, respectively
ETS
<1.5 x x 1017 J
KE of tsunami for km3 displaced water (probably an upper limit) EM
< 5 x 1019 J
From yield strength & molecular binding forces involved in rupture of land
dER
6x 1018 J
From change of rotational energy of the Earth

9. Equivalent moment magnitude of variety events [Johnston,1999]

10. SLHF Anomalies as f(latitude)
Smaller Anomaly
Highest Value at Epicenter
~ 2 Days from
Large Anomaly
~ 4 Days from
~ 3 Days from
Forecast Made Prior to Earthquake
SLHF anomalies and earthquakes with magnitude > 5
Largest Anomaly
Highest Value Center of Fracture Zone
~ 14 Days From
Singh et al 2006

11. Long wave radiation monthly anomaly and daily variations
Map of OLR bi-monthly variations for October-November (a), OLR monthly December 2004 (b) for M9.0 Sumatra Andaman Island, Northern Sumatra of December 26, Epicenter (3.09N/94.26E) is marked with red star, tectonic plate boundaries with red line, and major faults with brown color
Time-series of daily OLR anomaly for October 1, 2004 – December 31, 2004 over the epicenter of (3.09N/ 94.26E)
Ouzounov et al, 2007

12. Multisensor Approach Analyzed data:
Emitted long-wavelength radiation (OLR) from NOAA/AVHRR – Ouzounov et al, 2007;
Surface latent heat flux (SLHF) from NOAA/NCEP – Cervone et al, 2005;
Robust TIR detection, Tramutoli, 2006,2007
Technology: Sensor web approach for satellite and in-situ measurements integration combined with data mining processing and analysis. Again, understanding energy budget is most important in this aproach.

13. Conclusions 1/ We primarily examined the energies in the plate-movement in the earthquake of 26 December /We evaluated the mechanical and thermal energies, motivated in part by exploring the physics of associated phenomena. We compare the energies of the earthquakes, the moments, energies associated with change of the rotational period of the Earth as well as latent heat released prior to the events. 3/We keep tracking of the overall thermal and mechanical associated energies as well as global effects. In such large events, associated phenomena may stand out energetically in measurements above variances that arise from other processes. 4/ As we have more energy budget information for this large event, it can be used to establish earthquake energy phenomenology. Understanding energy budget is most important to validate LAIC or in fact any earthquake model