1. 4G Network Architectures
Final report to survey
System issues
Selected concepts for 4G
Self-organizing ,Ad-hoc network for 4G
林家彬

2. “4G” Design Challenges
Although 3G is an important first step, several basic issues still need to be addressed for next generation wireless systems:
Fast/reliable broadband radios (PHY/MAC) with QoS
~100 Kbps 1-10 Mbps with adaptivity, link reliability & Qos
Scalable system capacity for mass-market services
high service penetration implies ~Gbps/Sq-Km
Integration of multiple radio technologies into single IP network
unified mobility architecture
New networking modes, e.g. multicast, multihop & peer-to-peer
...lower-cost infrastructure, networks that grow organically

3. 4G System Issues

4. 4G System Issues: Scaling of Capacity
The grand vision of ubiquitous wireless and pervasive computing leads to a serious capacity problem.

5. 4G System Issues: Scaling of Capacity (cont.)
2G cellular:
avail BW ~ 5 Mhz, spectral eff ~ bps/Hz
max capacity ~ 100 Kbps avg, 1 Mbps peak (with packet MAC) per sq-Km
3G Cellular:
avail BW ~ 25 Mhz, spectral eff ~ bps/Hz
max capacity ~ 1 Mbps avg, 10 Mbps peak (with packet MAC) per sq-Km
Wireless LAN (802.11x, Hiperlan):
avail BW ~ 100 Mhz, spectral eff ~ bps/Hz
max capacity ~ 100 Mbps avg, 1 Gbps peak per sq-Km

6. 4G System Issues: Evolution of Radio Speed vs. Moore’s Law
4G systems can exploit Moore’s law advances in radio speed, but need to work with shorter range...

7. 4G System Issues: Protocol Evolution

8. Selected Concepts for 4G

9. Potential “4G” Network Ideas
A few techniques for achieving the 4G design goals discussed earlier:
3G/WLAN Hot-Spots
Use of WLAN in hot-spots for lower system cost, better end-user performance and more total capacity
Infostations
Use of “radio caches” for significant reduction in average cost per bit, facilitating qualitatively new mobile services
Self-organizing, ad-hoc wireless access networks
Ad-hoc wireless network protocols which support multihop and peer-to-peer service models, particularly for low-tier uses (in-home, sensors, etc.)
Content-based multicasting
...new network service paradigms for location- and person-aware information delivery to mobiles

10. Self-organizing, ad-hoc networks for 4G

11. 4G Mobile Network features
Some desirable new features for 4G networks are:
Unified IP-based protocol architecture with support for multiple radios
Multicasting, caching and security features, etc.
Hierarchical support of high-tier (cellular), med tier (WLAN) and low-tier (personal area, sensor nets)
Self-organizing, ad-hoc wireless discovery & routing

12. 4G Mobile Networks: Hierarchy & Self-Organization
Hierarchical, self-organizing network concept currently under consideration, based on:
3 service tiers (cellular, WLAN, personal area)
BS’s, AP’s, FN’s (forwarding radio nodes), user devices
automatic discovery and power management protocols
hierarchical, ad-hoc multi-hop routing

13. 4G Mobile Networks: “network of wireless networks”

14. 4G Mobile Networks: An Experimental Testbed

15. Compare 3G & 4G Comparison of 3G and 4G 3G: --Back compatible to 2G.
--Circuit and packet switched networks.
--Combination of existing & evolved equipment.
--Data rate (up to 2Mbps).
4G:
--Extend 3G capacity.
--Entirely packet switched networks.
--All network elements are digital.
--Higher bandwidth (up to 100Mbps).

16. The NEWS about 4G
ASIA : South Korean is already arranging an auction of 4G wireless licenses across wireless and broadband internet.
Successful Demo of Beyond-3G Wireless IP
NEC Europe Ltd announced the successful completion of the three-year “Moby Dick Project”, aimed at developing a seamless converged mobile network architecture based on Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).
Life After 3G Wireless
With 3G set for widespread launch in 2004 across Europe, operators are already thinking about the post 3G world and what comes next.
First Step Towards Full Range of WiMax / 4G Applications
This successful implementation of the OFDM waveform is the first step in Military Technologies plan to implement the complete IEEE family of wireless data applications

17. 4G Wireless 10 Years Away
4G? Not in this decade. “I would recommend that the newspaper community forget about 4G,” Dr Keiji Tachikawa, president and CEO of NTT DoCoMo
Basestation Architectures for 3G Wireless
picoChip Designs Ltd announced the world's most powerful processing device for wireless infrastructure.
The New WiFi Gels With 4G
more robust standard for high-speed broadband wireless delivery to laptops and desktops will augment the burgeoning WiFi market beginning in late The position of the a standard today parallels that of WLAN technology in the late 1990’s, when the market finally grew as price vs. performance gains converted WLAN from a niche to mass market.