1. 3rd ISOE EUROPEAN WORKSHOP on OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE MANAGEMENT AT NPPs
Implementation of the European Radiation Protection Directives in the Applicant Countries by
Dr. Klaus Schnuer
Radiation Protection Unit
L-2920 Luxembourg

2. Enlargement of the European Union
Pre-Accession: Mandate of the EU Council to the Commission
SCREENING:
Presentation of national legislation by the Candidate States
NEGOTIATION:
Opinion of the Commission on the status of legislation
COMMON POSITION
EU Council submits Common Position Paper

3. Enlargement of the European Union Accession:
All Candidate States will join the European Atomic Energy Community

4. The European Atomic Energy
Treaty
establishing
The European Atomic Energy
Community
E U R A T O M
ROME 1957

5. Enlargement Scope of Screening
Radiation protection Aquis only (Chapter III + secondary legislation)
Reactor safety and radioactive waste management (will be dealt with separately at a later stage)

6. Scope of Enlargement Screening
evaluate the capacity for full implementation at the foreseen date of accession
identification of minor and major problems
request for transitional arrangements

7. Scope of Enlargement Screening
BULGARIA CYPRUS
CZECH REP. ESTONIA
HUNGARY LATVIA
LITHUANIA MALTA
ROMANIA POLAND
SLOVAK REP. (TURKEY)
SLOVENIA

8. Basic safety standards shall be laid down
Aquis Communautaire
EURATOM TREATY
CHAPTER III
HEALTH AND SAFETY
Article 30
Basic safety standards shall be laid down
in the Union for the protection of the health
of the workers and the general public
against the dangers arising from
ionizing radiation.

9. Council Directive 96/29 Euratom laying down the Basic Safety Standards
of 13 May 1996
laying down the Basic Safety Standards
for the Protection of the Health of Workers and the General Public against the Dangers arising from Ionizing Radiation

10. Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
Scope
all practices involving a risk from artificial or (processed) natural radiation sources
work activities involving the presence of natural sources
intervention situations
- radiological emergencies
- past practices or work activities

11. Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
distinction between practice and intervention
extension to work activities with natural radiation sources
dose constraints
concept of clearance and exemption

12. Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
new dosimetric concepts
lower dose limits
arrangements for training
protection of population in normal circumstances
obligations and responsibilities

13. RESPONSIBILITIES Member State Government
Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
RESPONSIBILITIES
Member State Government
Competent Authority
Undertaking / Operator
Qualified Expert

14. Directive of the Council Operational Protection of
90/641 Euratom
on the
Operational Protection of
Outside Workers
Exposed to the Risk of Ionizing Radiation during their Activities in Controlled Areas

15. The purpose of this Directive is to
Directive on the Protection of Outside Workers of 4 December 1990
The purpose of this Directive is to
supplement the Basic Safety Standards Directive
thereby optimizing at Union level
operational protection arrangements harmonized for all outside workers.

16. Directive on the Protection of Outside Workers of 4 December 1990
Each Member State
shall ensure that radiation protection for outside workers is equivalent to that for permanently employed workers
Outside Undertakings
shall ensure by contracts with operators that radiation protection is in accordance with the provisions of the BSS
Operators
shall be responsible for the operational aspects of radiation protection which are directly related to the nature of the activity and the workplace
Workers
every worker shall be obliged to make his own contribution towards the protection

17. Directive of the Council
89/618 Euratom on
Informing the General Public About Health Protection Measures to be Applied and Steps to be Taken in the Event of a Radiological Emergency

18. Information in the Event
Directive on the Information of the Public
Prior Information
Information in the Event
Information of Persons Involved in the
Organization of Emergency Assistance
Procedures

19. Directive of the Council 92/3 Euratom
on the
Supervision and Control
of Shipments of Radioactive Waste
between the Member States and
Into and Out of the Community

20. This Directive shall apply to shipments
Trans boundary Waste Shipment
Directive of 3 February 1992
This Directive shall apply to shipments
of radioactive waste whenever the defined
quantities and concentration levels are
exceeded.
Specific Provisions for reshipment are set out

21. Imports into and exports out of the Union
Trans boundary Waste Shipment
Directive of 3 February 1992
Imports into and exports out of the Union
The competent authorities of the country of
origin shall in form the authority of the EU
Member State and verso in case of Export
Sealed Sources
for temporarily use do not fall under the Directive
Reshipment
under the conditions of shipment
Member States rights in relation to reprocessed fuel

22. Directive of the Council
97/43/Euratom on
Medical Exposures

23. Patient Directive of 30 June 1997
The major changes
New structure:
purpose and scope (article 1)
definitions (article 2)
operational articles (articles 3-13)
provisions for transposition into Member State law (articles 14-16)
Scope and content have been expanded
Each article is preceded by a title explaining its purpose

24. Enlargement Results of Screening
no major problems identified
all countries (except Cyprus) have already basic radiation protection legislation
basic RP legislation need to be completed and upgraded
in the case of Cyprus and Malta there are very few applications or installations to be monitored
some transitional periods requested for one Directive

25. Enlargement Results of Screening
Radiation protection infrastructure ( lack of radiation protection experts within the competent authorities and undertakings/installations)
Problems with adoption of Directives 89/618/Euratom on the information of the public on radiological emergency and Directive 90/641/Euratom on the radiation protection of outside workers
Lack of evaluation of medical exposures (exposure of patients)

26. Enlargement Results of Screening
differences in the level of analysis by the candidate countries (crucial for the identification of problems)
this results from lack of legal expertise or from wrong interpretation of EU texts.
some candidate countries are more transparent than others (these countries have identified the gaps and adopted approximation programs)

27. Enlargement Results of Screening
basic reports for each country are established
Environment Chapters are closed
Commission report on the bilateral meetings send to the Council
Technical support for the operational implementation
The Environment Chapters are nearly all closed

28. Enlargement of the European Union Accession:
New Member States have to comply with Article 33 of the EURATOM Treaty
Unique situation in the EU
Member States shall communicate all legislation for the adoption of Chapter III to the Commission for approval within three months

29. Thank you for your attention
END
Thank you for your attention

30. Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Justification: economic, social, and other benefit in
relation to possible health detriment
Optimization :All exposures shall be kept
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
Limitation: The sum of doses from all practices shall
not exceed the dose limits.
Prohibition: The deliberate addition of radioactive
substances in foodstuffs, toys, gemstones,
cosmetics, import/export

31. Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
PRACTICE :
Human activity that can increase exposure
- from artificial source
- natural radiation source where nuclides are processed for their radioactive fertile or fissile properties
- except emergency exposure

32. Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
INTERVENTION :
Human activity that prevents or decreases exposure
- sources not part of a practice
- sources out of control
- emergency situations

33. Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
WORK ACTIVITIES :
presence of natural radiation sources which leads to significant increase in the exposure of workers and members of general public
air crew exposed to more than 1 mSv/year

34. Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
DOSE CONSTRAINTS:
restriction on the prospective doses to individuals
for use at the planning stage in view of ALARA involvement

35. Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
Concept of CLEARANCE:
for substances or materials containing radioactivity arising from a practice subject to prior reporting authorization requirements
to be released from requirements of the Directive
levels to be established by national authorities

36. Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
Concept of EXEMPTION:
-total quantity of radioactivity not exceeded (Annex I)
-concentration values are not exceeded (Annex I)
-type approved apparatus with sealed sources
-cathode ray tubes
-contaminated material resulting from authorized
releases with no further subject to control

37. Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
DOSIMETRIC CONCEPTS:
more consistent assessment of doses
- effective dose E
- operational quantities Hp, H*
- internal dosimetry h (g) ing / inh

38. Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996
New Features
DOSE LIMITS
Effective Dose Annual equivalent dose
Eye lens Skin Extremities
100 mSv in mSv mSv mSv
5 years
6 mSv per year 50 mSv mSv mSv
1 mSv per year 15 mSv mSv
Workers
Students and
Apprentices
Public
Workers
Students,
Apprentices
Public

39. Basic Safety Standards Directive from PROTECTION OF POPULATION
13. May 1996
New Features
PROTECTION OF POPULATION
creation of conditions for best possible protection
authorization of practices following surveys
estimation of population doses
inspections
conduct practices in accordance with health protection principles

40. INSPECTION , TRAINING , INFORMATION
Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
INSPECTION , TRAINING , INFORMATION
system of inspection to be in place
recognition of capacity of : Medical Practitioner Approved Dosimetry Service, Qualified Experts Occupational Health Service
separation of production and protection
exchange of information on previous doses

41. Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
CONTROL REGIME Justification :
New classes or types of practices
economic, social, other benefit / health detriment
Existing classes or types of practices may be reviewed
-new or important evidence about
efficacy or consequences

42. Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
CONTROL REGIME Reporting :
Practices which involve a risk from ionizing radiation
- Radioactivity involved not exceeding
exemption levels (Annex I, A2)
- low concentrations (Annex I, A3)
- apparatus containing sources < 1μSv/h in 10 cm
- electrical equipment, cathode ray tubes
- contaminated material no subject to control

43. Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
CONTROL REGIME Authorization :
operation of nuclear fuel cycle facilities
medical products
administration of radioactivity
industrial gammagraphy
accelerators
medical treatment exposure

44. Basic Safety Standards Directive from
13. May 1996
New Features
CONTROL REGIME Prohibition :
deliberate addition of radioactivity
- foodstuff
- toys
- jewelry
- cosmetics
import and export of such goods