1. Intro to AP Statistics and Exam

2. Talk for a few minutes about the HW Reading

3. Pilot Activity

4. What is Statistics and why do we care?
Why do we care about learning statistics

5. What is Statistics and why do we care?
“Statistics is the science of data” –The Practice of Statistics
“The practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities” –Oxford Dictionary
Why do we care about learning statistics?

6. What is Statistics and why do we care?
“Statistics is the science of data” –The Practice of Statistics
“The practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities”
Why do we care about learning statistics?
Allows us to draw conclusions in an unbiased manner
Not relying on opinions or anecdotes
Allows us to draw conclusions about an entire population from a subset of the population
If done well, allows us to present information in a way that others can understand

7. Before anything else…let’s go check out textbooks
Off to the library
If you already have one, you do not need to come

8. A Quick Note about the AP Statistics Class
This class will be different from any other math class that you have ever taken
It will be less about crunching numbers
More about critical thinking and problem-solving
More word problems than you’re used to
More writing than you’re used to
But…it is still a math class
Still using numbers to answer questions
That is what math is all about

9. The Structure of the Exam
Exploring Data (20-30%)
Sampling and Experimentation (10-15%)
Anticipating Patterns (20-30%)
Statistical Inference (30-40%)

10. Exploring Data (20-30%)
Describing patterns and departures from patterns
Exploratory analysis of data makes use of graphical and numerical techniques to study patterns and departures from patterns. Emphasis is placed on interpreting information from graphical and numerical displays and summaries
Chapters 1, 2, and 3

11. Sampling and Experimentation (10-15%)
Planning and conducting a study
Asking questions, choosing a method, collecting data, and utilizing that data
Essentially applying statistics to the scientific method
Chapter 4

12. Anticipating Patterns (20-30%)
Exploring random phenomena using probability and simulation
Using probability as a tool to anticipate what the data should look like under certain conditions
Chapters 5,6,7 & 10

13. Statistical Inference (20-30%)
Estimating population parameters and testing hypotheses (30-40%)
Choosing the correct model
Statistical significance
Chapters 8,9, 11, & 12

14. Test Day May 17th, 2018 3 hours long
2 sections—each worth 50% of the grade
Multiple choice (90 minutes)
40 questions
Free-response (90 minutes)
6 questions
You can use your graphing calculator

15. Preparing for the AP Exam
This class should prepare you to do well on the test
In April/May we will have several class periods devoted solely to test preparation
If you WANT to buy an additional test prep book, you are welcome to do so
But you do not have to

16. Grades 1-5 YOU DO NOT NEED TO GET EVERY QUESTION RIGHT TO GET A 5
College credit (usually) for a 4 or a 5
YOU DO NOT NEED TO GET EVERY QUESTION RIGHT TO GET A 5
You will get some questions wrong—that is okay
It changes every year, but in 2007 (the first year I looked at), if you got half of the multiple choice questions right, and half of the free-response points, you would get a 4 on the AP test
You can do it!
My job is to help

17. Questions?
Any questions about the AP Exam?

18. Go over the Syllabus

19. 1.1 Analyzing Categorical Data
Individuals and variables
Categorical vs quantitative variables
Bar charts and pie charts
Distributions
Two-way tables + Conditional distribution
Marginal distribution

20. Individuals and Variables
What is an individual?
What is a variable?

21. Individuals and Variables
What is an individual?
The unit that we are observing/asking questions about
Can be individual people, or countries, or schools, or cars, or anything else
What is a variable?
Characteristics of these individuals that change from individual to individual

22. For example…

23. Categorical vs Quantitative Variables
What is the difference?

24. Categorical vs Quantitative Variables
What is the difference?
Categorical: gender, race, what country one is from, etc.
Quantitative: age, income, gas mileage, etc.
Looking back at the cars, identify the categorical variables

25. Pie vs Bar When is a pie chart more appropriate?
When is a bar graph more appropriate?

26. Pie vs Bar When is a pie chart more appropriate?
When comparing one category to the whole
When is a bar graph more appropriate?
When comparing categories to each other

27. Pie vs Bar
You will be asked to make bar graphs and pie charts on the homework
This is pretty straightforward
More complicated, you’ll be asked whether it is appropriate to use a pie chart in a certain situation
ONLY IF YOU HAVE EVERY CATEGORY
So if I only know what percentages of cars are red and blue, I can’t make a pie chart
But I could still make a bar graph

28. Pie vs. Bar Bar graphs can be used in more regularly
They have their own problems though
Y-axis
Width of bars

29. Two-way Tables AP Stats Students Male Female Total 2nd Block 11 22
6th Block 6 17 39

30. Marginal Distribution
Using the table on the previous slide, how would we calculate the marginal distribution?

31. Marginal Distribution
AP Stats Students
Male
Female
Total
Percent
2nd Block 11 22
56.4%
6th Block 6 17
43.9% 39
So…the marginal distribution of gender would look like:
Male 43.9%
Female 56.4%

32. Conditional Distribution
A conditional distribution is similar to a marginal distribution
But for only one value of a certain variable
So, if we wanted to know the distribution of gender within 6th Block (also known as the conditional distribution of 6th block), it would look like this:
Male 35.3%
Female 64.7%

33. You try Male Female AP Statistics 17 22 Algebra II 47 60
1. Find the marginal distribution of gender
2. Find the marginal distribution of course
3. Find the conditional distribution for Males
4. Find the conditional distribution for Algebra II

34. You try Male Female AP Statistics 17 22 Algebra II 47 60
1. Find the marginal distribution of gender 43.8% Male, 56.2% Female
2. Find the marginal distribution of course 26.7% AP Stats, 73.3% Algebra II
3. Find the conditional distribution for Males % AP Stats, 73.4% Alg II
4. Find the conditional distribution for Algebra II % Male, 56.1% Female

35. Homework Time See homework sheet
One note: Your textbook will sometimes ask you to follow the four-step process
I don’t care if you do this or not